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In recent years there has been growing popularity of leveraging cloud computing for storing and querying attributed graphs, which have been widely used to model complex structured data in various applications. Such trend of outsourced graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Songlei Wang , Yifeng Zheng , Xiaohua Jia , Hejiao Huang , Cong Wang

Encrypted cloud storage can hide data contents but still leak sensitive information through access patterns. ORAM addresses this by hiding access patterns, but existing ORAM systems are too inefficient to deploy in practice. We present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Onur Eren Arpaci , Florian Kerschbaum , Sujaya Maiyya

The problem of Oblivious RAM (ORAM) has traditionally been studied in a single-server setting, but more recently the multi-server setting has also been considered. Yet it is still unclear whether the multi-server setting has any inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-05 T-H. Hubert Chan , Jonathan Katz , Kartik Nayak , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Elaine Shi

As database deployments shift toward cloud platforms and edge devices, thin clients need to securely retrieve sensitive records without leaking their query intent or metadata to the proxies that mediate access. Oblivious Transfer (OT) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aydin Abadi , Yvo Desmedt

We study oblivious storage (OS), a natural way to model privacy-preserving data outsourcing where a client, Alice, stores sensitive data at an honest-but-curious server, Bob. We show that Alice can hide both the content of her data and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-11 Michael T. Goodrich , Michael Mitzenmacher , Olga Ohrimenko , Roberto Tamassia

Personal AI systems increasingly retain long-term memory of user activity, including documents, emails, messages, meetings, and ambient recordings. Trusted hardware can keep this data private, but struggles to scale with a growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Darya Kaviani , Alp Eren Ozdarendeli , Jinhao Zhu , Yu Ding , Raluca Ada Popa

Diffusion Models have gained significant popularity due to their remarkable capabilities in image generation, albeit at the cost of intensive computation requirement. Meanwhile, despite their widespread deployment in inference services such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Haoqi Wu , Wei Dai , Ming Xu , Li Wang , Qiang Yan

ConcurORAM is a parallel, multi-client oblivious RAM (ORAM) that eliminates waiting for concurrent stateless clients and allows overall throughput to scale gracefully, without requiring trusted third party components (proxies) or direct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Anrin Chakraborti , Radu Sion

Trusted processors provide a way to perform joint computations while preserving data privacy. To overcome the performance degradation caused by data-oblivious algorithms to prevent information leakage, we explore the benefits of oblivious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jiping Yu , Xiaowei Zhu , Kun Chen , Guanyu Feng , Yunyi Chen , Xiaoyu Fan , Wenguang Chen

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a provable secure primitive to prevent access pattern leakage on the memory bus. It serves as the intermediate layer between the trusted on-chip components and the untrusted external memory systems to modulate the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Gang Liu , Kenli Li , Zheng Xiao , Rujia Wang

Cloud platforms are widely adopted by many systems, such as time series processing systems, to store and process massive amounts of sensitive time series data. Unfortunately, several incidents have shown that cloud platforms are vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-30 K. Bagher , S. Cui , X. Yuan , C. Rudolph , X. Yi

Modern processors, e.g., Intel SGX, allow applications to isolate secret code and data in encrypted memory regions called enclaves. While encryption effectively hides the contents of memory, the sequence of address references issued by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Manuel Costa , Lawrence Esswood , Olga Ohrimenko , Felix Schuster , Sameer Wagh

Keystone is a trusted execution environment, based on RISC-V architecture. It divides the memory into a secure Keystone private memory and an unsecure non-Keystone memory, and allows code that lies inside the Keystone private memory to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mriganka Shekhar Chakravarty , Biswabandan Panda

We present Path ORAM, an extremely simple Oblivious RAM protocol with a small amount of client storage. Partly due to its simplicity, Path ORAM is the most practical ORAM scheme known to date with small client storage. We formally prove…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Emil Stefanov , Marten van Dijk , Elaine Shi , T-H. Hubert Chan , Christopher Fletcher , Ling Ren , Xiangyao Yu , Srinivas Devadas

Intel SGX has been a popular trusted execution environment (TEE) for protecting the integrity and confidentiality of applications running on untrusted platforms such as cloud. However, the access patterns of SGX-based programs can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-09 A K M Mubashwir Alam , Sagar Sharma , Keke Chen

Access patterns to data stored remotely create a side channel that is known to leak information even if the content of the data is encrypted. To protect against access pattern leakage, Oblivious RAM is a cryptographic primitive that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 William Holland , Olga Ohrimenko , Anthony Wirth

Many applications that benefit from data offload to cloud services operate on private data. A now-long line of work has shown that, even when data is offloaded in an encrypted form, an adversary can learn sensitive information by analyzing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Midhul Vuppalapati , Kushal Babel , Anurag Khandelwal , Rachit Agarwal

An oblivious data structure is a data structure where the memory access patterns reveals no information about the operations performed on it. Such data structures were introduced by Wang et al. [ACM SIGSAC'14] and are intended for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Riko Jacob , Kasper Green Larsen , Jesper Buus Nielsen

The combination of Oblivious RAM (ORAM) with Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) has found numerous real-world applications due to their complementary nature. TEEs alleviate the performance bottlenecks of ORAM, such as network bandwidth…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Leqian Zheng , Zheng Zhang , Wentao Dong , Yao Zhang , Ye Wu , Cong Wang

This paper proposes Concurrent-Access Obfuscated Store (CAOS), a construction for remote data storage that provides access-pattern obfuscation in a honest-but-curious adversarial model, while allowing for low bandwidth overhead and client…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Mihai Ordean , Mark Ryan , David Galindo