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Related papers: Bitcoin's Security Model Revisited

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The application of Bitcoin enables people to understand blockchain technology gradually. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that does not rely on third-party credit institutions, and the core of Bitcoin's underlying technology is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yuhuan Yang , Shipeng Ye , Xiaoqi Li

The Bitcoin payment system involves two agent types: Users that transact with the currency and pay fees and miners in charge of authorizing transactions and securing the system in return for these fees. Two of Bitcoin's challenges are (i)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Ron Lavi , Or Sattath , Aviv Zohar

The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Ittay Eyal , Emin Gun Sirer

Bitcoin is a decentralized P2P digital currency in which coins are generated by a distributed set of miners and transaction are broadcasted via a peer-to-peer network. While Bitcoin provides some level of anonymity (or rather pseudonymity)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Alex Biryukov , Ivan Pustogarov

The Bitcoin protocol prevents the occurrence of double-spending (DS), i.e. the utilization of the same currency unit more than once. At the same time a DS attack, where more conflicting transactions are generated, might be performed to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-21 Marco Alberto Javarone , Craig Steven Wright

Payment channel networks are an approach to improve the scalability of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. The Lightning Network is a payment channel network built for Bitcoin that is already used in practice. Because the Lightning Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Matthias Grundmann , Hannes Hartenstein

We study financial transaction confirmation finality in Bitcoin as a function of transaction amount and user risk tolerance. A transaction is recorded in a block on a blockchain. However, a transaction may be revoked due to a fork in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ethan Hicks , Joseph Oglio , Mikhail Nesterenko , Gokarna Sharma

In this paper we revisit some major orthodoxies which lie at the heart of the bitcoin crypto currency and its numerous clones. In particular we look at The Longest Chain Rule, the monetary supply policies and the exact mechanisms which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Nicolas T. Courtois

An open distributed system can be secured by requiring participants to present proof of work and rewarding them for participation. The Bitcoin digital currency introduced this mechanism, which is adopted by almost all contemporary digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Ittay Eyal

Secure two-party cryptography is possible if the adversary's quantum storage device suffers imperfections. For example, security can be achieved if the adversary can store strictly less then half of the qubits transmitted during the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-05 Prabha Mandayam , Stephanie Wehner

Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity due to their transparency, security, and accessibility compared to traditional financial systems, with Bitcoin, introduced in 2009, leading the market. Bitcoin's security relies on blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Dinitha Wijewardhana , Sugandima Vidanagamachchi , Nalin Arachchilage

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies prioritize transactions based on their fees, creating a unique kind of fee market. Empirically, this market has failed to yield stable equilibria with predictable prices for desired levels of service. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Soumya Basu , David Easley , Maureen O'Hara , Emin Gün Sirer

Bitcoin demonstrated the possibility of a financial ledger that operates without the need for a trusted central authority. However, concerns persist regarding its security and considerable energy consumption. We assess the consensus…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jacob D. Leshno , Elaine Shi , Rafael Pass

Traditional blockchains grant the miner of a block full control not only over which transactions but also their order. This constitutes a major flaw discovered with the introduction of decentralized finance and allows miners to perform MEV…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Orestis Alpos , Ignacio Amores-Sesar , Christian Cachin , Michelle Yeo

This paper introduces a structural game-theoretic model to value decentralized digital assets like Bitcoin. Instead of relying on speculative beliefs, it frames the asset's price within a Rational-Expectations Security-Utility Nash…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Liang Chen

Bitcoin is the first implementation of what has become known as a 'public permissionless' blockchain. Guaranteeing security and protocol conformity through its elegant combination of cryptographic assurances and game theoretic economic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-23 D. McGinn , D McIlwraith , Y. Guo

We review the so called selfish mining strategy in the Bitcoin network and compare its profitability to honest mining.We build a rigorous profitability model for repetition games. The time analysis of the attack has been ignored in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Cyril Grunspan , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

With the more and more extensive application of blockchain, blockchain security has been widely concerned by the society and deeply studied by scholars. Moreover, the security of blockchain data directly affects the security of various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Liehuang Zhu , Baokun Zheng , Meng Shen , Shui Yu , Feng Gao , Hongyu Li , Kexin Shi , Keke Gai

We analyze bribing attacks in Proof-of-Stake distributed ledgers from a game theoretic perspective. In bribing attacks, an adversary offers participants a reward in exchange for instructing them how to behave, with the goal of attacking the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias

Attacks on Internet routing are typically viewed through the lens of availability and confidentiality, assuming an adversary that either discards traffic or performs eavesdropping. Yet, a strategic adversary can use routing attacks to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Yixin Sun , Maria Apostolaki , Henry Birge-Lee , Laurent Vanbever , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal