Related papers: Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars: New Candidates At Low-Me…
To calibrate automatic pipelines that determine atmospheric parameters of stars, one needs a sample of stars -- ``benchmark stars'' -- with well defined parameters to be used as a reference We provide a detailed documentation of the…
Context. Large spectroscopic surveys devoted to the study of the Milky Way, including Gaia, use automated pipelines to massively determine the atmospheric parameters of millions of stars. The Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars are reference stars…
Large Galactic stellar surveys and new generations of stellar atmosphere models and spectral line formation computations need to be subjected to careful calibration and validation and to benchmark tests. We focus on cool stars and aim at…
The Gaia FGK benchmark stars are among the preferred samples of reference stars to test parametrisation pipelines of spectroscopic surveys. They consist of a small but carefully selected sample whose parameters are derived consistently and…
In the current era of large spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way, reference stars for calibrating astrophysical parameters and chemical abundances are of paramount importance. We determine elemental abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V,…
Gaia and its complementary spectroscopic surveys combined will yield the most comprehensive database of kinematic and chemical information of stars in the Milky Way. The Gaia FGK benchmark stars play a central role in this matter as they…
Context. The study of the oldest and most metal-poor stars in our Galaxy promotes our understanding of the Galactic chemical evolution and the beginning of Galaxy and star formation. However, they are notoriously difficult to find, with…
The estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters for large-scale samples, particularly metal-poor stars, is a cornerstone of Galactic archaeology. In this work, we optimized a photometric filter design tailored to measuring stellar…
In the era of large Milky Way spectroscopic surveys, calibrating and standardizing stellar parameters and abundance measurements is crucial. The Gaia benchmark stars (GBS) are key references points characterized by well-defined parameters…
The advent of new and more powerful infrared spectrographs has significantly motivated the advancement of the study of atomic and molecular line lists and stellar atmosphere models. While optical abundance determinations rely on extensively…
In this article we summarise on-going work on the so-called Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars. This work consists of the determination of their atmospheric parameters and of the construction of a high-resolution spectral library. The definition of…
We present equivalent widths, improved model atmosphere parameters, and revised abundances for 14 species of 11 elements derived from high resolution optical spectroscopy of 311 metal-poor stars. All of these stars had their parameters…
The Gaia-ESO Survey is obtaining high-quality spectroscopic data for about 10^5 stars using FLAMES at the VLT. UVES high-resolution spectra are being collected for about 5000 FGK-type stars. These UVES spectra are analyzed in parallel by…
The accurate determination of chemical abundances in stars plays a pivotal role in understanding stellar structure and evolution, nucleosynthesis, and the chemical enrichment history of the Milky Way. Benchmark stars with precise and…
Extremely metal-poor stars are intrinsically rare, but emerging methods exist to accurately classify them from all-sky Gaia XP low-resolution spectra. To assess their overall accuracy for targeting metal-poor stars, we present a…
The ever-growing number of large spectroscopic survey programs has increased the importance of fast and reliable methods with which to determine precise stellar parameters. Some of these methods are highly dependent on correct spectroscopic…
The Gaia benchmark stars are stars with very precise stellar parameters that cover a wide range in the HR diagram at various metallicities. They are meant to be good representative of typical FGK stars in the Milky Way. Currently, they are…
The Gaia benchmark stars (GBS) are very bright stars of different late spectral types, luminosities and metallicities. They are well-known in the Galactic archaeology community because they are widely used to calibrate and validate the…
Gaia will obtain astrometry and spectrophotometry for essentially all sources in the sky down to a broad band magnitude limit of G=20, an expected yield of 10^9 stars. Its main scientific objective is to reveal the formation and evolution…
Context. The third Gaia Data Release, which includes BP/RP spectra for 219 million sources, has opened a new window in the exploration of the chemical history and evolution of the Milky Way. The wealth of information encapsulated in these…