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In this paper we show that some 3-dimensional isometry algebras, specifically those of type I, II, III and V (according Bianchi's classification), can be obtained as expansions of the isometries in 2 dimensions. It is shown that in general…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-29 Ricardo Caroca , Igor Kondrashuk , Nelson Merino , Felip Nadal

Regular homotopy classes of immersions of a 3-sphere in 5-space constitute an infinite cyclic group. The classes containing embeddings form a subgroup of index 24. The obstruction for a generic immersion to be regularly homotopic to an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tobias Ekholm

This text is a short but comprehensive introduction to the basics of supergeometry and includes some of the recent advances in colored supergeometry. We do not aim for a standard text that states results and proves them more or less…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Norbert Poncin , Sarah Schouten

Suppose $M$ is a closed, connected, orientable, \irr\ \3m\ such that $G=\pi_1(M)$ is infinite. One consequence of Thurston's geometrization conjecture is that the universal covering space $\widetilde{M}$ of $M$ must be \homeo\ to $\RRR$.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Robert Myers

In this paper we present a complete classification (isomorphism classes with some isomorphism invariants) of complex associative algebras up to dimension five (including both cases: unitary and non-unitary). In some symbolic computations we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-10-07 I. S. Rakhimov , I. M. Rikhsiboev , W. Basri

All varieties, extremal contractions, singularities are divided on exceptional and non-exceptional ones. Roughly speaking, there are the infinite families of non-exceptional varieties, extremal contractions or singularities and only the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-26 S. A. Kudryavtsev

Graph manifolds are a class of compact, orientable 3-manifolds introduced in 1967 by Waldhausen as a generalization of Seifert fibered 3-manifolds. From the point of view of Thurston's geometrization program, graph manifolds are exactly the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Sylvain Maillot

This article provides a geometric representation for the well-known isomorphism between the special orthogonal group of an isotropic quadratic space of dimension 3 and the group of projective transformations of a projective line. This…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Nicholas Phat Nguyen

Roughly speaking, the problem of geography asks for the existence of varieties of general type after we fix some invariants. In dimension $1$, where we fix the genus, the geography question is trivial, but already in dimension $2$, it…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Yerko Torres-Nova

$\SLR$ geometry is one of the eight 3-dimensional Thurston geometries, it can be derived from the 3-dimensional Lie group of all $2\times 2$ real matrices with determinant one. Our aim is to describe and visualize the {\it regular infinite…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-08-14 Jenő Szirmai

In this paper we determined all of the possible self mapping degrees of the manifolds with $S^3$-geometry, which are supposed to be all 3-manifolds with finite fundamental groups. This is a part of a project to determine all possible self…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-11-27 Xiaoming Du

A gauge theory with 4 physical dimensions can be consistently expressed as a renormalizable topological quantum field theory in 5 dimensions. We extend the symmetries in the 5-dimensional framework to include not only a topological BRST…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 L. Baulieu , P. A. Grassi , D. Zwanziger

In this paper we define two regular homotopy invariants c and i for immersions of oriented 3-manifolds into R^5 in a geometric manner. The pair (c(f),i(f)) completely describes the regular homotopy class of the immersion f. The invariant i…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andras Juhasz

In his influential work, Thurston introduced a norm on the second homology group of compact orientable 3-manifolds M, which by duality also determines a dual norm on the second cohomology group. A natural question, initiated by Thurston, is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Mehdi Yazdi

There are a least uncountably many diffeomorphism types for open manifolds. Hence the classification problem is extremely difficult. We proceed as follows: We define several uniform structures of proper metric spaces and consider their arc…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Juergen Eichhorn

We recall the presentation of the generalized, complex structures by classical tensor fields, while noticing that one has a similar presentation and the same integrability conditions for generalized, paracomplex and subtangent structures.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Izu Vaisman

We are concerned with mapping class groups of surfaces with nonempty boundary. We present a very natural method, due to Thurston, of finding many different left orderings of such groups. The construction involves equipping the surface with…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hamish Short , Bert Wiest

Complementing the previous paper in the series, this paper classifies $|2|$-graded parabolic geometries, listing their important properties: the group $G_0$, the graded tangent bundle $gr(T)$ and its algebra\"ic bracket, the relevant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-02-09 Stuart Armstrong

$q$-charges describe the possible actions of a generalized symmetry on $q$-dimensional operators. In Part I of this series of papers, we describe $q$-charges for invertible symmetries; while the discussion of $q$-charges for non-invertible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-10 Lakshya Bhardwaj , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

The present text is a collection of notes about differential geometry prepared to some extent as part of tutorials about topics and applications related to tensor calculus. They can be regarded as continuation to the previous notes on…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-09-12 Taha Sochi