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We report on the MIT Epoch of Reionization (MITEoR) experiment, a pathfinder low-frequency radio interferometer whose goal is to test technologies that improve the calibration precision and reduce the cost of the high-sensitivity 3D mapping…

Low-frequency radio observations of neutral hydrogen during and before the epoch of cosmic reionization will provide hundreds of quasi-independent source planes, each of precisely known redshift, if a resolution of ~ 1 arcminutes or better…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 R. Benton Metcalf

Experiments aimed at detecting highly-redshifted 21 centimeter emission from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are plagued by the contamination of foreground emission. A potentially important source of contaminating foregrounds may be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-13 David F. Moore , James E. Aguirre , Aaron R. Parsons , Daniel C. Jacobs , Jonathan C. Pober

We present a differentiable, end-to-end Bayesian forward modeling framework for line intensity mapping cosmology experiments, with a specific focus on low-frequency radio telescopes targeting the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-15 Nicholas Kern

We present deep upper limits from the 2014 Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Phase I observing season, with a particular emphasis on identifying the spectral fingerprints of extremely faint radio frequency interference (RFI) contamination in…

The correlation between 21cm fluctuations and galaxies is sensitive to the astrophysical properties of the galaxies that drove reionization. Thus, detailed measurements of the cross-power spectrum and its evolution could provide a powerful…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jaehong Park , Han-Seek Kim , J. Stuart B. Wyithe , C. G. Lacey

One of the main challenges for future 21 cm observations is to remove foregrounds which are several orders of magnitude more intense than the HI signal. We propose a new technique for removing foregrounds of the redshifted 21 cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Jungyeon Cho , A. Lazarian , P. Timbie

The 21cm line refers to a forbidden transition in neutral hydrogen associated with alignment of spins of the proton and electron. It is a very low energy transition that is emitted whenever there is neutral hydrogen in the Universe. Since…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-12 Adrian Liu , Laura Newburgh , Benjamin Saliwanchik , Anže Slosar

Our understanding of the intergalactic medium at redshifts $z=5$-$6$ has improved considerably in the last few years due to the discovery of quasars with $z>6$ that enable Lyman-$\alpha$ forest studies at these redshifts. A realisation from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Janakee Raste , Girish Kulkarni , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt , Jonathan Chardin , Dominique Aubert

Detecting neutral Hydrogen (H\,{\sc i}) via the 21~cm line emission from the intergalactic medium at $z\gtrsim 6$ has been identified as one of the most promising probes of the epoch of cosmic reionization -- a major phase transition of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris Carilli , Bojan Nikolic

The observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen are a promising probe for understanding the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). One of the primary obstacles to the statistical detection of the Cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Eeshan Beohar , Abhirup Datta , Anshuman Tripathi , Samit Kumar Pal , Rashmi Sagar

Observations of the EoR with the 21-cm hyperfine emission of neutral hydrogen (HI) promise to open an entirely new window onto the formation of the first stars, galaxies and accreting black holes. In order to characterize the weak 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Abhik Ghosh , L. V. E. Koopmans , Emma Chapman , Vibor Jelic

Detection and analysis of the cosmic 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen has long been considered the most promising route towards exploration of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). 21CMMC, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler of the semi-numerical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 August Berklas , Jonathan Pober

We present here 21 cm predictions from high dynamic range simulations for a range of reionization histories that have been tested against available Lyman-alpha and CMB data. We assess the observability of the predicted spatial 21 cm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-13 Girish Kulkarni , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury , Ewald Puchwein , Martin G. Haehnelt

Observations of the redshifted 21-cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen from early phases of the Universe such as Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization promise to open a new window onto the early formation of stars and galaxies. We…

A number of radio interferometers are currently being planned or constructed to observe 21 cm emission from reionization. Not only will such measurements provide a detailed view of that epoch, but, since the 21 cm emission also traces the…

Power spectrum of \HI 21-cm radiation is one of the promising probes to study large scale structure of the universe and understand galaxy formation and evolution. The presence of foregrounds, that are orders of magnitude larger in the same…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-28 Saikat Gayen , Rashmi Sagar , Sarvesh Mangla , Prasun Dutta , Nirupam Roy , Arnab Chakraborty , Jais Kumar , Abhirup Datta , Samir Choudhuri

We study the observability of the reionization epoch through the 21 cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. We use a high-resolution cosmological simulation (including hydrodynamics) together with a fast radiative transfer algorithm to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Steven Furlanetto , Aaron Sokasian , Lars Hernquist