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Several experimental efforts are underway to measure the power spectrum of 21cm fluctuations from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) using low-frequency radio interferometers. Experiments like the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Adam E. Lanman , Jonathan C. Pober

We present a study of internal reflection and cross coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented…

The 21 cm bispectrum (BS) offers a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), but its observational access is severely hindered by dominant astrophysical foregrounds. Considering Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) observations at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 Sukhdeep Singh Gill , Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Somnath Bharadwaj , Shiv K. Sethi , Akash Kumar Patwa

Accurate antenna beam models are critical for radio observations aiming to isolate the redshifted 21cm spectral line emission from the Dark Ages and the Epoch of Reionization and unlock the scientific potential of 21cm cosmology. Past work…

The detection of redshifted hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen (HI) is the most promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We report an analysis of 55 hours of Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Phase II drift scan EoR data. The data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-21 Akash Kumar Patwa , Shiv Sethi , K. S. Dwarakanath

One of the aims of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project is to measure the power spectrum of variations in the intensity of redshifted 21-cm radiation from the EoR. The sensitivity with which this power…

21cm tomography promises to be a powerful tool for estimating cosmological parameters, constraining the epoch of reionization, and probing the so-called dark ages. However, realizing this promise will require the extraction of a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-02 Adrian Liu , Max Tegmark

During cosmic reionization, the 21-cm brightness fluctuations were highly non-Gaussian, and complementary statistics can be extracted from the distribution of pixel brightness temperatures that are not derivable from the 21-cm power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-09-27 Tony Pan , Rennan Barkana

Telescopes aiming to measure 21cm emission from the Epoch of Reionization must toe a careful line, balancing the need for raw sensitivity against the stringent calibration requirements for removing bright foregrounds. It is unclear what the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Aaron Parsons , Jonathan Pober , Matthew McQuinn , Daniel Jacobs , James Aguirre

Measurements of the 21cm line emission by residual cosmic hydrogen after reionization can be used to trace the power spectrum of density perturbations through a significant fraction of the observable volume of the Universe. We show that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Abraham Loeb , Stuart Wyithe

The X-ray background during the epoch of reionization is currently poorly constrained. We demonstrate that it is possible to use first generation 21 cm experiments to calibrate it. Using the semi-numerical simulation, 21cmFAST, we calculate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Pierre Christian , Abraham Loeb

Radio interferometers designed to measure the cosmological 21 cm power spectrum require high sensitivity. Several modern low-frequency interferometers feature drift-scan antennas placed on a regular grid to maximize the number of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-19 Yunfan Gerry Zhang , Adrian Liu , Aaron R. Parsons

Using the final 128 antenna locations of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), we calculate its sensitivity to the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) power spectrum of red- shifted 21 cm emission for a fiducial model and provide the tools to…

This paper presents the spherically-averaged 21 cm power spectrum derived from Epoch of Reionization (EoR) observations conducted with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The analysis uses EoR0-field data, centered at (RA$=0h$,…

We explore the properties of interferometric data from high-redshift 21~cm measurements using the Murchison Widefield Array. These data contain redshifted 21~cm signal, contamination from continuum foreground sources, and radiometric noise.…

Upcoming experiments such as Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and Square Kilometre Array (SKA) are intended to measure the 21cm signal over a wide range of redshifts, representing an incredible opportunity in advancing our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Héctor J. Hortúa , Riccardo Volpi , Luigi Malagò

A new upper limit on the 21-cm signal power spectrum at a redshift of $z \approx 9.1$ is presented, based on 141 hours of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). The analysis includes significant improvements in…

The large-scale structure of the Universe should soon be measured at high redshift during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) through line-intensity mapping. A number of ongoing and planned surveys are using the 21 cm line to trace neutral…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-01 Angus Beane , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Adam Lidz

The redshifted cosmological 21 cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen during the first billion years of the universe is much fainter relative to other galactic and extragalactic radio emissions, posing a great challenge towards detection of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-26 J. Kariuki Chege , C. H. Jordan , C. Lynch , C. M. Trott , J. L. B. Line , B. Pindor , S. Yoshiura

The upcoming Square Kilometre Array Low Frequency (SKA-Low) interferometer will have the required sensitivity to detect the 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). In preparation, we investigated the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-25 E. Jong , C. Trott , C. D. Nunhokee , Q. Zheng