Related papers: Verification of railway interlocking - Composition…
In the railway domain, an interlocking is the system ensuring safe train traffic inside a station by controlling its active elements such as the signals or points. Modern interlockings are configured using particular data, called…
In the railway domain, an interlocking is a computerised system that controls the railway signalling objects in order to allow a safe operation of the train traffic. Each interlocking makes use of particular data, called application data,…
The increasing complexity of modern interlocking poses a major challenge to ensuring railway safety. This calls for application of formal methods forassurance and verification of their safety. We have developed an industry-strength toolset,…
The focus of this paper is on reducing the complexity in verification by exploiting modularity at various levels: in specification, in verification, and structurally. For specifications, we use the modular language CSP-OZ-DC, which allows…
Interlocking tables are the functional specification defining the routes on which the passage of the train is allowed. Associated with the route, the states and actions of all related signalling equipment are also specified. It is…
Software engineering of modular robotic systems is a challenging task, however, verifying that the developed components all behave as they should individually and as a whole presents its own unique set of challenges. In particular, distinct…
As autonomy becomes prevalent in many applications, ranging from recommendation systems to fully autonomous vehicles, there is an increased need to provide safety guarantees for such systems. The problem is difficult, as these are large,…
Operational Technology Cybersecurity (OTCS) continues to be a dominant challenge for critical infrastructure such as railways. As these systems become increasingly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to digitalization, effective…
Interlocking logics are at the core of critical systems controlling the traffic within stations. In this paper, we consider a generic interlocking logic, which can be instantiated to control a wide class of stations. We tackle the problem…
The certification of autonomous systems is an important concern in science and industry. The KI-LOK project explores new methods for certifying and safely integrating AI components into autonomous trains. We pursued a two-layered approach:…
Offline runtime verification involves the static analysis of executions of a system against a specification. For distributed systems, it is generally not possible to characterize executions in the form of global traces, given the absence of…
In the age of autonomously driving vehicles, functionality and complexity of embedded systems are increasing tremendously. Safety aspects become more important and require such systems to operate with the highest possible level of fault…
There is considerable industrial interest in integrating AI techniques into railway systems, notably for fully autonomous train systems. The KI-LOK research project is involved in developing new methods for certifying such AI-based systems.…
We consider the problem of reasoning about networked and layered control systems using assume-guarantee specifications. As these systems are formed by the interconnection of components that operate under various clocks, we introduce a new…
Compositional verification algorithms are well-studied in the context of model checking. Properly selecting components for verification is important for efficiency, yet has received comparatively less attention. In this paper, we address…
Modern consumer products are full of interconnected electrical and electronic modules to fulfill direct and indirect needs. In an automated assembly line still, most of these interconnections are required to be done manually due to the…
Verifying specifications for large-scale control systems is of utmost importance, but can be hard in practice as most formal verification methods can not handle high-dimensional dynamics. Contract theory has been proposed as a modular…
Distributed systems are critical to reliable and scalable computing; however, they are complicated in nature and prone to bugs. To modularly manage this complexity, network middleware has been traditionally built in layered stacks of…
The verification of asynchronous software components poses significant challenges due to the way components interleave and exchange input/output data concurrently. Compositional strategies aim to address this by separating the task of…
Communications-based Train Control (CBTC) systems are metro signalling platforms, which coordinate and protect the movements of trains within the tracks of a station, and between different stations. In CBTC platforms, a prominent role is…