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Wind turbines located in wind farms are operated to maximize only their own power production. Individual operation results in wake losses that reduce farm energy. In this study, we operate a wind turbine array collectively to maximize total…

Understanding wind turbine wake mixing and recovery is critical for improving the power generation and structural stability of downwind turbines in a wind farm. In the field, where incoming flow and turbine operation are constantly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-05-09 Aliza Abraham , Jiarong Hong

Wind turbines operating in the atmospheric boundary layer are constantly exposed to time-varying flow conditions. These disturbances often occur on similar time scales to wind-turbine controllers, which may interfere with wind-farm control…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-23 Nathaniel J. Wei , Adina Y. Fleisher , John W. Kurelek , Marcus N. Hultmark

Wind turbine (WT) controllers are often geared towards maximum power extraction, while suitable operating constraints should be guaranteed such that WT components are protected from failures. Control strategies can be also devised to reduce…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Jean Gonzalez Silva , Riccardo Ferrari , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

Wake redirection is a promising approach designed to mitigate turbine-wake interactions which have a negative impact on the performance and lifetime of wind farms. It has recently been found that substantial power gains can be obtained by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-02-09 Carlo Cossu

Nowadays, power system inertia is changing as a consequence of replacing conventional units by renewable energy sources, mainly wind and PV power plants. This fact affects significantly the grid frequency response under power imbalances. As…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 A. Fernández-Guillamón , A. Vigueras-Rodríguez , A. Molina-García

This study investigates deep offshore, pumping Airborne Wind Energy systems, focusing on the kite-platform interaction. The considered system includes a 360 m2 soft-wing kite, connected by a tether to a winch installed on a 10-meter-deep…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Sofia Trombini , Edoardo Pasta , Lorenzo Fagiano

The unsteady flow physics of wind-turbine wakes under dynamic forcing conditions are critical to the modeling and control of wind farms for optimal power density. Unsteady forcing in the streamwise direction may be generated by unsteady…

Modern power systems present low levels of inertia due to the growing shares of converter-interfaced generation. Consequently, renewable energy sources are increasingly requested to provide frequency support. In addition, due to the inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-23 Joakim Björk , Daniel Vázquez Pombo , Karl Henrik Johansson

The global transition towards renewable energy has accelerated the deployment of utility-scale wind farms, increasing the need for accurate performance and economic assessments. Although wind energy offers substantial potential for carbon…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Ann Mary Toms , Xingpeng Li

In this paper, a model predictive control scheme for wind farms is presented. Our approach considers wake dynamics including their influence on local wind conditions and allows to track a given power reference. In detail, a Gaussian wake…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-22 Arnold Sterle , Christian A. Hans , Jörg Raisch

Improving the power output from wind farms is vital in transitioning to renewable electricity generation. However, in wind farms, wind turbines often operate in the wake of other turbines, leading to a reduction in the wind speed and the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-31 Andrew Mole , Sylvain Laizet

Wind turbines operating within wind farms experience complex aerodynamic loading arising from the interplay between wake-induced velocity deficits, enhanced turbulence, and varying operational conditions. Understanding the relationship…

The relevant integration of wind power into the grid has involved a remarkable impact on power system operation, mainly in terms of security and reliability due to the inherent loss of the rotational inertia as a consequence of such new…

To provide automatic generation control (AGC) service, wind farms (WFs) are required to control their operation dynamically to track the time-varying power reference. Wake effects impose significant aerodynamic interactions among turbines,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Kaixuan Chen , Jin Lin , Yiwei Qiu , Feng Liu , Yonghua Song

Wake effects, i.e. the reduced momentum and increased turbulence caused by the upstream wind farm, have a significant adverse impact on downstream wind farms. However, due to the lack of ground truth for flow scenarios without wind farms in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Rui Li , Jincheng Zhang , Xiaowei Zhao

In this study, we present an improved formulation for the wake-added turbulence to enhance the accuracy of intra-farm and farm-to-farm wake modeling through analytical frameworks. Our goal is to address the tendency of a commonly used…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-11 Navid Zehtabiyan-Rezaie , Josephine Perto Justsen , Mahdi Abkar

Wind farms are a crucial driver toward the generation of ecological and renewable energy. Due to their rapid increase in capacity, contemporary wind farms need to adhere to strict constraints on power output to ensure stability of the…

This letter proposes a new control strategy for wind turbine generators to decide the necessity of switches between the normal operation and frequency support modes. The idea is to accurately predict an unsafe frequency response using a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-01 Yang Liu , Yichen Zhang , Kai Sun , Xiaopeng Zhao

This paper solves an approximate form of conservation of mass and momentum for a turbine in a wind farm array. The solution is a fairly simple explicit relationship that predicts the streamwise velocity distribution within a wind farm with…