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While energy-based models (EBMs) exhibit a number of desirable properties, training and sampling on high-dimensional datasets remains challenging. Inspired by recent progress on diffusion probabilistic models, we present a diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Ruiqi Gao , Yang Song , Ben Poole , Ying Nian Wu , Diederik P. Kingma

The goal of a generative model is to capture the distribution underlying the data, typically through latent variables. After training, these variables are often used as a new representation, more effective than the original features in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Maruan Al-Shedivat , Emre Neftci , Gert Cauwenberghs

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a powerful class of generative models, but their training requires computing a gradient that, unlike supervised backpropagation on typical loss functions, is notoriously difficult even to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Haik Manukian , Yan Ru Pei , Sean R. B. Bearden , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been successfully applied to various sequential decision-making tasks, natural language processing applications, and time-series predictions. Such networks are usually trained through back-propagation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Julia El Zini , Yara Rizk , Mariette Awad

Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative neural networks with these desired properties. We integrate an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Malte Probst , Franz Rothlauf , Jörn Grahl

Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a generative stochastic energy-based model of artificial neural network for unsupervised learning. Recently, RBM is well known to be a pre-training method of Deep Learning. In addition to visible and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Shin Kamada , Takumi Ichimura

Generative models offer a direct way of modeling complex data. Energy-based models attempt to encode the statistical correlations observed in the data at the level of the Boltzmann weight associated with an energy function in the form of a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-10 Aurélien Decelle , Cyril Furtlehner , Alfonso De Jesus Navas Gómez , Beatriz Seoane

Bayes' rule describes how to infer posterior beliefs about latent variables given observations, and inference is a critical step in learning algorithms for latent variable models (LVMs). Although there are exact algorithms for inference and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sacha Sokoloski

Simulation-free training frameworks have been at the forefront of the generative modelling revolution in continuous spaces, leading to large-scale diffusion and flow matching models. However, such modern generative models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Danyal Rehman , Oscar Davis , Jiarui Lu , Jian Tang , Michael Bronstein , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong , Avishek Joey Bose

Statistical analysis of evolutionary-related protein sequences provides insights about their structure, function, and history. We show that Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), designed to learn complex high-dimensional data and their…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-28 Jérôme Tubiana , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

Ensemble techniques are powerful approaches that combine several weak learners to build a stronger one. As a meta-learning framework, ensemble techniques can easily be applied to many machine learning methods. Inspired by ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Hamideh Hajiabadi , Reza Monsefi , Hadi Sadoghi Yazdi

Foundation models refer to architectures trained on vast datasets using autoregressive pre-training from natural language processing to capture intricate patterns and motifs. They were originally developed to transfer such learned knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nicholas I-Hsien Kuo , Blanca Gallego , Louisa Jorm

Many computer vision applications involve modeling complex spatio-temporal patterns in high-dimensional motion data. Recently, restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have been widely used to capture and represent spatial patterns in a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Siqi Nie , Ziheng Wang , Qiang Ji

In a range of fields including the geosciences, molecular biology, robotics and computer vision, one encounters problems that involve random variables on manifolds. Currently, there is a lack of flexible probabilistic models on manifolds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-23 Taco S. Cohen , Max Welling

Exponential-family Random Graph Models (ERGMs) constitute a large statistical framework for modeling sparse and dense random graphs, short- and long-tailed degree distributions, covariates, and a wide range of complex dependencies. Special…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-21 Michael Schweinberger , Pavel N. Krivitsky , Carter T. Butts , Jonathan Stewart

Extreme learning machine (ELM) as an emerging branch of shallow networks has shown its excellent generalization and fast learning speed. However, for blended data, the robustness of ELM is weak because its weights and biases of hidden nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Bo Han , Bo He , Mengmeng Ma , Tingting Sun , Tianhong Yan , Amaury Lendasse

Exponential families encompass the distributions central to modern machine learning -- softmax, Gaussians, and Boltzmann distributions -- and underlie the theory of variational inference, entropy-regularized reinforcement learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Marc Dymetman

We study the problem of learning associative memory -- a system which is able to retrieve a remembered pattern based on its distorted or incomplete version. Attractor networks provide a sound model of associative memory: patterns are stored…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Sergey Bartunov , Jack W Rae , Simon Osindero , Timothy P Lillicrap

Reinforcement learning can learn amortised design policies for designing sequences of experiments. However, current amortised methods rely on estimators of expected information gain (EIG) that require an exponential number of samples on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tom Blau , Iadine Chades , Amir Dezfouli , Daniel Steinberg , Edwin V. Bonilla

Beta Basis Function Neural Network (BBFNN) is a special kind of kernel basis neural networks. It is a feedforward network typified by the use of beta function as a hidden activation function. Beta is a flexible transfer function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Naima Chouikhi , Adel M. Alimi