Related papers: Large individual differences in free recall
There is a presumption in human-computer interaction that laying out menus and most other material in neat rows and columns helps users get work done. The rule has been so implicit in the field of design as to allow for no debate. However,…
In this study, we investigated the effect of specific noise realizations on the discrimination of two consonants, /b/ and /d/. For this purpose, we collected data from twelve participants, who listened to the words /aba/ or /ada/ embedded…
Individuals differ in the time it takes to produce words when naming a picture. However, it is unknown whether this inter-individual variability emerges in earlier stages of word production (e.g., lexical selection) or later stages (e.g.,…
Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation in repeated social interactions. According to this literature, individuals naturally learn to adopt conditionally cooperative strategies if they have multiple encounters…
The large deviations of an infinite moving average process with exponentially light tails are very similar to those of an i.i.d. sequence as long as the coefficients decay fast enough. If they do not, the large deviations change…
We introduce and analyze a **memory-weighted velocity operator** \(\mathscr{V}_{\alpha,\beta}\) as a mathematical framework for describing rates of change in systems with time-varying, power-law memory. The operator employs two independent…
The statistical study of human memory requires large-scale experiments, involving many stimuli conditions and test subjects. While this approach has proven to be quite fruitful for meaningless material such as random lists of words,…
We present the first systematic evaluation of mutual exclusivity (ME) -- the bias to map novel words to novel referents -- in text-only language models trained on child-directed speech. We operationalise ME as referential suppression: when…
Memorization in language models is widely studied but remains difficult to isolate and control. Understanding when and what models memorize is essential for explaining their predictions, yet existing approaches are post-hoc: they can detect…
Images vary in how memorable they are to humans. Inspired by findings from cognitive science and computer vision, we explore correlates of image memorability in pretrained transformer-based vision encoders for the first time. Focusing…
As a firm varies the price of a product, consumers exhibit reference effects, making purchase decisions based not only on the prevailing price but also the product's price history. We consider the problem of learning such behavioral…
We find the asymptotic distribution of the sample autocovariances of long-memory processes in cases of finite and infinite fourth moment. Depending on the interplay of assumptions on moments and the intensity of dependence, there are three…
When designing an AI-assisted decision-making system, there is often a tradeoff between precision and recall in the AI's recommendations. We argue that careful exploitation of this tradeoff can harness the complementary strengths in the…
We consider a measure of dependence for symmetric $\alpha$-stable random vectors, which was introduced by the author in 1976. We demonstrate that this measure of dependence can be extended for much more broad class of random vectors (up to…
Two families of dependence measures between random variables are introduced. They are based on the R\'enyi divergence of order $\alpha$ and the relative $\alpha$-entropy, respectively, and both dependence measures reduce to Shannon's mutual…
It has been suggested that direct reciprocity operates well within small groups of people where it would be hard to get away with cheating one another but no research has been done yet to show how exactly the mechanism of direct reciprocity…
Verbalized confidence, in which LLMs report a numerical certainty score, is widely used to estimate uncertainty in black-box settings, yet the confidence scale itself (typically 0--100) is rarely examined. We show that this design choice is…
Personalized agents that interact with users over long periods must maintain persistent memory across sessions and update it as circumstances change. However, existing benchmarks predominantly frame long-term memory evaluation as fact…
Working memory, or the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind, is a critical component of human intelligence and executive functioning. It is correlated with performance on various cognitive tasks, including measures of…
Large reasoning models (LRMs) sometimes note in their chain of thought (CoT) that they may be under evaluation. Researchers worry that this verbalised evaluation awareness (VEA) causes models to adapt their outputs strategically, optimising…