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Based on the fundamental rules of quantum mechanics, two communicating parties can generate and share a secret random key that can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages sent over an insecure channel. This process is known as quantum key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Ivan Vybornyi , Abderrahmen Trichili , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In the current research work, an analysis of differential phase shift quantum key distribution using InGaAs/InP and Silicon-APD (avalanche photodiode) as single photon detectors is performed. Various performance parameters of interest such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Vishal Sharma

Gated quenched SPAD detectors are widely used in quantum communication and quantum computing setups employing high-repetition-rate lasers. Here, we present a novel scheme for high-repetition-rate (100 MHz) sine-wave gated SPADs, based on…

Single-photon-avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are essential tools in biophotonics, optical ranging and sensing and quantum optics. However, their small number of pixels, low quantum efficiency and small fill factor have so far hindered their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Hugo Defienne , Jiuxuan Zhao , Edoardo Charbon , Daniele Faccio

Single-photon detectors are a pivotal component in photonic quantum technologies. A precise and comprehensive calibration of the intrinsic detection efficiency is of utmost importance to ensure the proper evaluation of the performance in…

This work presents stochastic approaches to model the counting behavior of actively quenched single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) subjected to continuous-wave constant illumination. We present both analytical expressions and simulation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-27 Ivo Straka , Jan Grygar , Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek

Silicon avalanche photodiodes are the most sensitive photodetectors in the visible to near infrared region. However, when they are used for single photon detection in a Geiger mode, they are known to emit light on the controlled breakdown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-24 Christian Kurtsiefer , Patrick Zarda , Sonja Mayer , Harald Weinfurter

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are an emerging sensor technology capable of detecting individual incident photons, and capturing their time-of-arrival with high timing precision. While these sensors were limited to single-pixel or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Sizhuo Ma , Shantanu Gupta , Arin C. Ulku , Claudio Bruschini , Edoardo Charbon , Mohit Gupta

Silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a core device for single-photon detection in the visible and the near-infrared range, and widely used in many applications. However, due to limits of the structure design and device…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-03-17 Jian Ma , Ming Zhou , Zongfu Yu , Xiao Jiang , Yijie Huo , Kai Zang , Jun Zhang , James S. Harris , Ge Jin , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

We report on the first demonstration of fluorescence detection using single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) monolithically integrated with a microfabricated surface ion trap. The SPADs are positioned below the trapping positions of the…

Single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes (SPAD) are key elements of many modern highly sensitive optical systems. One of the bottlenecks of such detectors is a afterpulsing effect which limits a detection rate and requires an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 M. A. Smirnov , N. S. Perminov , R. R. Nigmatullin , A. A. Talipov , S. A. Moiseev

It is challenging to implement genuine free running single photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-07-18 Zhizhong Yan , Deny R. Hamel , Aimee K. Heinrichs , Xudong Jiang , Mark A. Itzler , Thomas Jennewein

We experimentally demonstrate optical control of negative-feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) detectors using bright light. We deterministically generate fake single-photon detections with a better timing precision than normal operation. This…

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) are affordable photodetectors, capable to collect extremely fast low-energy events, due to their single-photon sensibility. This makes them very suitable for time-of-flight-based range imaging systems,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-09 Quercus Hernandez , Diego Gutierrez , Adrian Jarabo

Implementation of high-speed quantum key distribution~(QKD) has become one of the major focus in the field, which produces high key-generation rate for applications. To achieve high-speed QKD, tailored techniques are developed and employed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Binwu Gao , Zhihai Wu , Weixu Shi , Yingwen Liu , Dongyang Wang , Chunlin Yu , Anqi Huang , Junjie Wu

Single photon detection is important for a wide range of low-light applications, including quantum information processing, spectroscopy, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). A key challenge in these applications has been to integrate…

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are an emerging technology with a unique capability of capturing individual photons with high timing precision. SPADs are being used in several active imaging systems (e.g., fluorescence lifetime…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-25 Atul Ingle , Andreas Velten , Mohit Gupta

We present a free-running single photon detector for telecom wavelengths based on a negative feedback avalanche photodiode (NFAD). A dark count rate as low as 1 cps was obtained at a detection efficiency of 10%, with an afterpulse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-04 Boris Korzh , Nino Walenta , Tommaso Lunghi , Nicolas Gisin , Hugo Zbinden

Photonic integration is a promising route to miniaturise the hardware of quantum key distribution (QKD), yet the monolithic integration of single photon detectors remains a significant challenge. QKD receiver chips integrating…

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors offering imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance. This fascinating technology has…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-03-19 Claudio Bruschini , Harald Homulle , Ivan Michel Antolovic , Samuel Burri , Edoardo Charbon