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We formalize the notion of nesting probabilistic programming queries and investigate the resulting statistical implications. We demonstrate that while query nesting allows the definition of models which could not otherwise be expressed,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-31 Tom Rainforth

We provide a general methodology for unbiased estimation for intractable stochastic models. We consider situations where the target distribution can be written as an appropriate limit of distributions, and where conventional approaches…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-01 Sergios Agapiou , Gareth O. Roberts , Sebastian J. Vollmer

Estimating the unknown density from which a given independent sample originates is more difficult than estimating the mean, in the sense that for the best popular non-parametric density estimators, the mean integrated square error converges…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Pierre L'Ecuyer , Florian Puchhammer , Amal Ben Abdellah

We present novel Monte Carlo (MC) and multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods to determine the unbiased covariance of random variables using h-statistics. The advantage of this procedure lies in the unbiased construction of the estimator's…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Sharana Kumar Shivanand

We propose novel scale-invariant error estimators for the Monte Carlo and multilevel Monte Carlo estimation of mean and variance. For any linear transformation of the distribution of the quantity of interest, the computation cost across…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Sharana Kumar Shivanand , Bojana Rosić

We develop new unbiased estimators of a number of quantities defined for functions of conditional moments, like conditional expectations and variances, of functions of two independent random variables given the first variable, including…

Computation · Statistics 2013-10-03 Tomasz Badowski

Some classical uncertainty quantification problems require the estimation of multiple expectations. Estimating all of them accurately is crucial and can have a major impact on the analysis to perform, and standard existing Monte Carlo…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-02 Julien Demange-Chryst , François Bachoc , Jérôme Morio

Given a smooth function $f$, we develop a general approach to turn Monte Carlo samples with expectation $m$ into an unbiased estimate of $f(m)$. Specifically, we develop estimators that are based on randomly truncating the Taylor series…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-01 Nicolas Chopin , Francesca R. Crucinio , Sumeetpal S. Singh

This paper considers the challenging computational task of estimating nested expectations. Existing algorithms, such as nested Monte Carlo or multilevel Monte Carlo, are known to be consistent but require a large number of samples at both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Zonghao Chen , Masha Naslidnyk , François-Xavier Briol

We consider estimating an expected infinite-horizon cumulative discounted cost/reward contingent on an underlying stochastic process by Monte Carlo simulation. An unbiased estimator based on truncating the cumulative cost at a random…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Zhenyu Cui , Michael C. Fu , Yijie Peng , Lingjiong Zhu

Given a nonlinear model, a probabilistic forecast may be obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. At a given forecast horizon, Monte Carlo simulations yield sets of discrete forecasts, which can be converted to density forecasts. The resulting…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-07-24 Reason Lesego Machete

We show that deliberately introducing a nested simulation stage can lead to significant variance reductions when comparing two stopping times by Monte Carlo. We derive the optimal number of nested simulations and prove that the algorithm is…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-02-04 Fabian Dickmann , Nikolaus Schweizer

We develop and analyze a class of unbiased Monte Carlo estimators for multivariate jump-diffusion processes with state-dependent drift, volatility, jump intensity and jump size. A change of measure argument is used to extend existing…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Guanting Chen , Alex Shkolnik , Kay Giesecke

We introduce a stacking version of the Monte Carlo algorithm in the context of option pricing. Introduced recently for aeronautic computations, this simple technique, in the spirit of current machine learning ideas, learns control variates…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-03-27 Antoine Jacquier , Emma R. Malone , Mugad Oumgari

In this paper we propose an efficient stochastic optimization algorithm to search for Bayesian experimental designs such that the expected information gain is maximized. The gradient of the expected information gain with respect to…

Computation · Statistics 2022-02-03 Takashi Goda , Tomohiko Hironaka , Wataru Kitade , Adam Foster

We consider conditional estimation in two-stage sample size adjustable designs and the following bias. More specifically, we consider a design which permits raising the sample size when interim results look rather promising, and, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-27 Per Broberg , Frank Miller

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are primarily used for sampling from a given probability distribution and estimating multi-dimensional integrals based on the information contained in the generated samples. Whenever it is possible, more…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-05-22 Manuel Athènes , Pierre Terrier

This paper addresses the issue of estimating the expectation of a real-valued random variable of the form $X = g(\mathbf{U})$ where $g$ is a deterministic function and $\mathbf{U}$ can be a random finite- or infinite-dimensional vector.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-09-10 Clément Walter

Due to the potential benefits of parallelization, designing unbiased Monte Carlo estimators, primarily in the setting of randomized multilevel Monte Carlo, has recently become very popular in operations research and computational…

Computation · Statistics 2024-04-03 Guanyang Wang , Jose Blanchet , Peter W. Glynn

We consider the problem of estimating expectations with respect to a target distribution with an unknown normalizing constant, and where even the unnormalized target needs to be approximated at finite resolution. Under such an assumption,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Xinzhu Liang , Shangda Yang , Simon L. Cotter , Kody J. H. Law