Related papers: Symmetry Breaking in Pedestrian Dynamics
A spreading process can be observed when particular information, substances, or diseases spread through a population over time in social and biological systems. It is widely believed that contact interactions among individual entities play…
Computer-based simulation of pedestrian dynamics reached meaningful results in the last decade, thanks to empirical evidences and acquired knowledge fitting fundamental diagram constraints and space utilization. Moreover, computational…
The motion of pedestrian crowds (e.g. for simulation of an evacuation situation) can be modeled as a multi-body system of self driven particles with repulsive interaction. We use a few simple situations to determine the simplest allowed…
Clogging raises as the principal phenomenon during many evacuation processes of pedestrians in a panic situation. As people push to escape from danger, compression forces may increase to harming levels. Many individuals might fall down,…
This study presents an initial framework for distinguishing group and single pedestrians based on real-world trajectory data, with the aim of analyzing their differences in space utilization and emergent behavioral patterns. By segmenting…
The relation between speed and density is connected with every self-organization phenomenon of pedestrian dynamics and offers the opportunity to analyze them quantitatively. But even for the simplest systems, like pedestrian streams in…
Individual differences in mobility (e.g., due to wheelchair use) are often ignored in the prediction of crowd movement. Consequently, engineering tools cannot fully describe the impact of vulnerable populations on egress performance. To…
We present a numerical study of a two-lane version of the stochastic non-equilibrium model known as the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process. For such a system with open boundaries, and suitably chosen values of externally-imposed…
This paper proposes a crowd dynamic macroscopic model grounded on microscopic phenomenological observations which are upscaled by means of a formal mathematical procedure. The actual applicability of the model to real world problems is…
A significant number of those killed in traffic accidents annually refers to pedestrians. most of these accidents occur when a pedestrian is going to pass the street. One of the most hazardous areas for pedestrians crossing the street is…
In this paper we deal with pedestrian modeling, aiming at simulating crowd behavior in normal and emergency scenarios, including highly congested mass events. We are specifically concerned with a new agent-based, continuous-in-space,…
The behavior of pedestrians shows certain regularities, which can be described by quantitative (partly stochastic) models. The models are based on the behavior of individual pedestrians, which depends on the pedestrian intentions and on the…
Due to the inherent safety concerns associated with traffic movement in unconstrained two-dimensional settings, it is important that pedestrians' and other modes' movements such as bicyclists are modeled as a risk-taking stochastic dynamic…
The Social Force Model of pedestrian dynamics is formulated in a way that a) most of its parameters do not have an immediate interpretation, b) often one single parameter has an impact on many aspects of walking behavior and c) a certain…
In this work we investigate symmetry breaking in the presence of a turbulent environment. The transition from a symmetric state to a symmetry-breaking state is demonstrated using two examples: (i) the transition of a two-dimensional flow to…
When a new vehicle joins a lane, those behind may have to temporarily slow to accommodate them. Changing lane can be forced due to lane drops or junctions, but may also take place spontaneously at discretion of drivers, and recent studies…
We present here two examples of stochastic modelings of social phenomena. The first topic is pedestrian counter flow. Two groups of model pedestrians move in opposite directions and create congestions. It will be shown that this congestion…
Minimizing social contact is an important tool to reduce the spread of diseases, but harms people's well-being. This and other, more compelling reasons, urge people to walk outside periodically. The present simulation explores how…
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to `social forces'. These `forces' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal…
In pedestrian dynamics, the internal drive that propels individuals toward their goals is typically captured by a single, fixed parameter, the desired walking speed. This simplification overlooks that motivation fluctuates in response to…