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Effective coordination is crucial to solve multi-agent collaborative (MAC) problems. While centralized reinforcement learning methods can optimally solve small MAC instances, they do not scale to large problems and they fail to generalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Nicolas Carion , Gabriel Synnaeve , Alessandro Lazaric , Nicolas Usunier

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) improves the efficiency of long-horizon reinforcement-learning tasks with sparse rewards by decomposing the task into a hierarchy of subgoals. The main challenge of HRL is efficient discovery of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sadegh Khorasani , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Matthias Grossglauser

Deploying deep neural networks for risk-sensitive tasks necessitates an uncertainty estimation mechanism. This paper introduces hierarchical selective classification, extending selective classification to a hierarchical setting. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shani Goren , Ido Galil , Ran El-Yaniv

Artificial neural networks thrive in solving the classification problem for a particular rigid task, acquiring knowledge through generalized learning behaviour from a distinct training phase. The resulting network resembles a static entity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Matthias De Lange , Rahaf Aljundi , Marc Masana , Sarah Parisot , Xu Jia , Ales Leonardis , Gregory Slabaugh , Tinne Tuytelaars

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as interactive agents, but optimizing them for long-horizon decision making remains difficult because current methods are largely purely reactive, which weakens both exploration and credit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiangyuan Xue , Yifan Zhou , Zidong Wang , Shengji Tang , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Zhenfei Yin

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) helps address large-scale and sparse reward issues in reinforcement learning. In HRL, the policy model has an inner representation structured in levels. With this structure, the reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Wen-Ji Zhou , Yang Yu

Option-critic learning is a general-purpose reinforcement learning (RL) framework that aims to address the issue of long term credit assignment by leveraging temporal abstractions. However, when dealing with extended timescales, discounting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Akshay Dharmavaram , Matthew Riemer , Shalabh Bhatnagar

The discovery of reusable sub-routines simplifies decision-making and planning in complex reinforcement learning problems. Previous approaches propose to learn such temporal abstractions in a purely unsupervised fashion through observing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Anand Gopalakrishnan , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Recognition of surgical gesture is crucial for surgical skill assessment and efficient surgery training. Prior works on this task are based on either variant graphical models such as HMMs and CRFs, or deep learning models such as Recurrent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Daochang Liu , Tingting Jiang

Many real-world settings involve costs for performing actions; transaction costs in financial systems and fuel costs being common examples. In these settings, performing actions at each time step quickly accumulates costs leading to vastly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 David Mguni , Aivar Sootla , Juliusz Ziomek , Oliver Slumbers , Zipeng Dai , Kun Shao , Jun Wang

Actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms have recently achieved prominent success in tackling various challenging reinforcement learning (RL) problems, particularly complex control tasks with high-dimensional continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Gang Chen , Victoria Huang

Meta-Reinforcement Learning addresses the critical limitations of conventional Reinforcement Learning in multi-task and non-stationary environments by enabling fast policy adaptation and improved generalization. We introduce a novel Meta-RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Théo Zangato , Aomar Osmani , Pegah Alizadeh

Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, while often powerful, can suffer from slow learning speeds, particularly in high dimensional spaces. Decomposition of tasks into a hierarchical structure holds the potential to significantly speed up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Behzad Ghazanfari , Fatemeh Afghah , Matthew E. Taylor

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) has held longstanding promise to advance reinforcement learning. Yet, it has remained a considerable challenge to develop practical algorithms that exhibit some of these promises. To improve our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Joery A. de Vries , Thomas M. Moerland , Aske Plaat

In this paper we present a novel method for learning hierarchical representations of Markov decision processes. Our method works by partitioning the state space into subsets, and defines subtasks for performing transitions between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Lorenzo Steccanella , Simone Totaro , Anders Jonsson

Effective planning of long-horizon deformable object manipulation requires suitable abstractions at both the spatial and temporal levels. Previous methods typically either focus on short-horizon tasks or make strong assumptions that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Xingyu Lin , Carl Qi , Yunchu Zhang , Zhiao Huang , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Yunzhu Li , Chuang Gan , David Held

Achieving safe and coordinated behavior in dynamic, constraint-rich environments remains a major challenge for learning-based control. Pure end-to-end learning often suffers from poor sample efficiency and limited reliability, while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Max Studt , Georg Schildbach

In recent years, robots and autonomous systems have become increasingly integral to our daily lives, offering solutions to complex problems across various domains. Their application in search and rescue (SAR) operations, however, presents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Dimitrios Panagopoulos , Adolfo Perrusquia , Weisi Guo

As reinforcement learning (RL) deployments expand into safety-critical domains, existing evaluation methods fail to systematically identify hazards arising from the black-box nature of neural network enabled policies and distributional…

In the quest for efficient and robust reinforcement learning methods, both model-free and model-based approaches offer advantages. In this paper we propose a new way of explicitly bridging both approaches via a shared low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Vincent François-Lavet , Yoshua Bengio , Doina Precup , Joelle Pineau