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This note was prepared as a handout for the MAT401 course ``Polynomial equations and fields", taught at the University of Toronto in Spring 2026. It presents a proof of a necessary condition for the solvability of algebraic equations by…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Askold Khovanskii

This paper presents a novel method to compare two numbers in Residue Number System (RNS) using an additional modulus, which is often already available because it is required in modular computations and digital signal processing scaling.Our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Laurent-Stéphane Didier , Léa Glandus , Nadia El Mrabet , Jean-Marc Robert

DAGS scheme is a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) based on quasi-dyadic alternant codes that was submitted to NIST standardization process for a quantum resistant public key algorithm. Recently an algebraic attack was devised by Barelli…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Magali Bardet , Manon Bertin , Alain Couvreur , Ayoub Otmani

The multi-resolution approximation (MRA) of Gaussian processes was recently proposed to conduct likelihood-based inference for massive spatial data sets. An advantage of the methodology is that it can be parallelized. We implemented the MRA…

Computation · Statistics 2019-05-07 Huang Huang , Lewis R. Blake , Dorit M. Hammerling

Amendola et al. proposed a method for solving systems of polynomial equations lying in a family which exploits a recursive decomposition into smaller systems. A family of systems admits such a decomposition if and only if the corresponding…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Taylor Brysiewicz , Jose Israel Rodriguez , Frank Sottile , Thomas Yahl

For prime $p$ and small $n$, Jones and Roberts have developed a database recording invariants for $p$-adic extensions of degree $n$. We contributed to this database by computing the Galois slope content, Galois mean slope, and inertia…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Benjamin Carrillo

We develop a public key cryptosystem based on invariants of diagonalizable groups and investigate properties of such cryptosystem first over finite fields, then over number fields and finally over finite rings. We consider the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Frantisek Marko , Alexandr N. Zubkov , Martin Juras

RSA is an incredibly successful and useful asymmetric encryption algorithm. One of the types of implementation flaws in RSA is low entropy of the key generation, specifically the prime number creation stage. This can occur due to flawed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Elijah Pelofske

We propose a comparative performance evaluation of security protocols. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of a polynomial mathematical model that captures the performance of classes of cryptographic algorithms instead of capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-10-21 Bela Genge , Piroska Haller

This paper is purely expository. We present short elementary proofs of * the Gauss Theorem on constructibility of regular polygons; * the existence of a cubic equation unsolvable in real radicals; * the existence of a quintic equation…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-08 A. Skopenkov

We develop a Galois theory for systems of linear difference equations with an action of an endomorphism {\sigma}. This provides a technique to test whether solutions of such systems satisfy {\sigma}-polynomial equations and, if yes, then…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Alexey Ovchinnikov , Michael Wibmer

There are several variants of the inverse Galois problem which involve restrictions on ramification. In this paper we give sufficient conditions that a given finite group $G$ occurs infinitely often as a Galois group over the rationals…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Joachim Koenig , Daniel Rabayev , Jack Sonn

We address two interrelated problems concerning the permutation of roots of univariate polynomials whose coefficients depend on parameters. First, we compute the Galois group of polynomials $\varphi(x)\in\mathbb{C}[y_1,\cdots,y_k][x]$ over…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Alexander Esterov , Lionel Lang

We prove that the number of unimodular integral matrices in a norm ball whose characteristic polynomial has Galois group different than the full symmetric group is of strictly lower order of magnitude than the number of all such matrices in…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-05 Alex Gorodnik , Amos Nevo

The basic properties of RSA cryptosystems and some classical attacks on them are described. Derived from geometric properties of the Euler functions, the Euler function rays, a new ansatz to attack RSA cryptosystems is presented. A…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Andreas de Vries

We study fast Monte-Carlo methods for testing irreducibility and detecting arithmetic imprimitivity of polynomials over $\mathbb{Q}$. Building on the subset-sum criterion of Pemantle-Peres-Rivin, we develop a probabilistic irreducibility…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Igor Rivin

Substitution Box or S-Box had been generated using 4-bit Boolean Functions (BFs) for Encryption and Decryption Algorithm of Lucifer and Data Encryption Standard (DES) in late sixties and late seventies respectively. The S-box of Advance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Sankhanil Dey. Ranjan Ghosh

The complexity of computing the solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations by means of Groebner bases computations is upper bounded by a function of the solving degree. In this paper, we discuss how to rigorously estimate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Alessio Caminata , Elisa Gorla

Integer factorization is a fundamental problem in algorithmic number theory and computer science. It is considered as a one way or trapdoor function in the (RSA) cryptosystem. To date, from elementary trial division to sophisticated methods…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Gilda Rech Bansimba , Regis Freguin Babindamana

We discuss the following two problems: 1) The properties of the multiple zeta-values and their generalizations, multiple polylogarithms at N-th roots of unity; 2) The action of the absolute Galois group on the pro-l-completion of the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. B. Goncharov