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Relativistic quantum theories are usually thought of as being quantum field theories, but this is not the only possibility. Here we consider relativistic quantum theories with a fixed number of particles that interact neither through…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-08-01 Matthias Lienert , Roderich Tumulka

A two dimensional matter coupled model of quantum gravity is studied in the Dirac approach to constrained dynamics in the presence of a cosmological constant. It is shown that after partial fixing to the conformal gauge the requirement of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-29 Jan Govaerts , Simone Zonetti

There is a vast literature showing the connection between a deformed relativistic kinematics and a curved momentum space, and, in particular, how the former can be obtained from the geometrical properties of the latter. However, there is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 J. J. Relancio

Dirac equation for a charged particle in static electromagnetic field is written for special cases of spherically symmetric potentials. Besides the well known Dirac-Coulomb and Dirac-Oscillator potentials, we obtain a relativistic version…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 A. D. Alhaidari

We show that an unambiguous and correct quantization of the second-class constrained system of a free particle on a sphere in $D$ dimensions is possible only by converting the constraints to abelian gauge constraints, which are of first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Hagen Kleinert , Sergei V. Shabanov

We prove that the classical Dirac equation in the presence of an external (nondynamical) electromagnetic field is a relativistically causal theory. As a corollary, we show that it is impossible to use quantum tunneling to transmit particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Lorenzo Gavassino , Marcelo M. Disconzi

We consider the asymptotic evolution of a relativistic spin-1/2-particle. i.e. a particle whose wavefunction satisfies the Dirac equation with external static potential. We prove that the probability for the particle crossing a (detector)…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Duerr , P. Pickl

We present a new recipe for relativistic quantum simulation using the first quantisation approach, under periodic (PBC) and Dirichlet (DBC) boundary conditions. The wavefunction is discretised across a finite grid represented by system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Jaewoo Joo , Timothy P. Spiller , Kyunghyun Baek , Jeongho Bang

Formulating a relativistic equation for particles with arbitrary spin remains an open challenge in theoretical physics. In this study, the main algebraic approaches used to generalize the Dirac and Kemmer Duffin equations for particles of…

General Physics · Physics 2021-11-25 Luca Nanni

The behaviour of the Dirac field in FRW space-time is investigated. The relevant equations are solved to determine the particle and energy distribution. The angular and radial parts are solved in terms of Jacobi polynomials. The time…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-20 P. R. Dhungel , U. Khanal

It is proposed that the paradox of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics may be resolved using a physical picture analogous to magnetic domains. Within this picture, a quantum particle represents a coherent region of a quantum wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alan M. Kadin

We discuss the low-energy dynamics of massless Dirac fermions interacting with a propagating, relativistic photon in 2+1 spacetime dimensions, when we turn on a uniform magnetic field. This problem can be solved when the magnetic field is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-06 Thomas T. Dumitrescu , Juan Maldacena

Starting with the first-order singular Lagrangian describing the dynamical system with 2nd-class constraints, the noncommutative quantum mechanics on a curved space is investigated by the constraint star-product quantization formalism of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-29 M. Nakamura

Using 2 more time variables as the quantum hidden variables, we derive the equation of Dirac field under the principle of classical physics, then we extend our method into the quantum fields with arbitrary spin number. The spin of particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiaodong Chen

Systematic description of a spin one-half system endowed with magnetic moment or any other two-level system (qubit) interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field is developed. This description exploits a close analogy between a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula , Tomasz Sowinski

For a spin-1/2 particle moving in a background magnetic field in noncommutative phase space, Dirac equation is solved when the particle is allowed to move off the plane that the magnetic field is perpendicular to. It is shown that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Mai-Lin Liang , Ya-Bin Zhang , Rui-Lin Yang , Fu-Lin Zhang

When a two-dimensional curved surface is conceived as a limiting case of a curved shell of equal thickness d, where the limit d\rightarrow0 is then taken, the well-known geometric potential is induced by the kinetic energy operator, in fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-27 Q. H. Liu

We consider the problem of constrained motion along a conic path under a given external potential function. The model is described as a second-class system capturing the behavior of a certain class of specific quantum field theories. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 R. L. Caires , S. L. Oliveira , R. Thibes

We present a method of simulating the Dirac equation in 3+1 dimensions for a free spin-1/2 particle in a single trapped ion. The Dirac bispinor is represented by four ionic internal states, and position and momentum of the Dirac particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Lamata , J. Leon , T. Schaetz , E. Solano

Part I of this paper introduced the infinite dimensional Lagrange-Dirac theory for physical systems on the space of differential forms over a smooth manifold with boundary. This approach is particularly well-suited for systems involving…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-11 François Gay-Balmaz , Álvaro Rodríguez Abella , Hiroaki Yoshimura