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Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key exchanges between two remote users. The ultimate goal of secure communication is to establish a global quantum network. The existing field tests suggest that quantum networks are feasible.…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. As headed towards commercial application, it is crucial to guarantee the practical security of QKD systems. However, the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

We investigate a general class of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols using one-way classical communication. We show that full security can be proven by considering only collective attacks. We derive computable lower and upper bounds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 B. Kraus , N. Gisin , R. Renner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) with deterministic single photon sources has been demonstrated over intercity fiber and free-space channels. The previous implementations relied mainly on polarization encoding schemes, which are susceptible…

An industrial-scale adoption of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the development of practical, stable, resilient and cost-effective hardware that can be manufactured at large scales. In this work we present a high-speed (1.25GHz),…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems can send signals over more than 100 km standard optical fiber and are widely believed to be secure. Here, we show experimentally for the first time a technologically feasible attack, namely the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-05 Yi Zhao , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Bing Qi , Christine Chen , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) serves as a cornerstone of secure quantum communication, providing unconditional security grounded in quantum mechanics. While trusted-node networks have facilitated early QKD deployment, their vulnerability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jingyang Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Huajian Ding , Jiaxin Xu , Chunhui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

Quantum communication technologies capable of operating reliably across heterogeneous optical channels are essential for scalable metropolitan quantum networks. Here we demonstrate high-dimensional time-bin-encoded quantum key distribution…

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed for decades and several different QKD protocols have been proposed. But two difficulties limit the implementation of most QKD protocols. First, the involved participants are required to have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Jun Gu , Tzonelih Hwang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

Recently, Takeoka, Guha and Wilde have established a new (loose) upper bound on the secret key capacity of a pure-loss bosonic channel that is several times larger than an error-free BB84 QKD channel with same transmittance. This suggests…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-27 Richard J. Hughes , Jane E. Nordholt

Decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) is a standard technique in current quantum cryptographic implementations. Unfortunately, existing experiments have two important drawbacks: the state preparation is assumed to be perfect without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-09 Feihu Xu , Kejin Wei , Shihan Sajeed , Sarah Kaiser , Shihai Sun , Zhiyuan Tang , Li Qian , Vadim Makarov , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We demonstrated, for the first time, a machine-learning method to assist the coexistence between quantum and classical communication channels. Software-defined networking was used to successfully enable the key generation and transmission…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-23 Y. Ou , E. Hugues-Salas , F. Ntavou , R. Wang , Y. Bi , SY. Yan , G. Kanellos , R. Nejabati , D. Simeonidou

Several vulnerabilities of single photon detectors have recently been exploited to compromise the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In this letter we report the first proof-of-principle implementation of a new quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-03 Allison Rubenok , Joshua A. Slater , Philip Chan , Itzel Lucio-Martinez , Wolfgang Tittel

We assess the overall performance of our quantum key distribution (QKD) system implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol using components with varying capabilities such as different single photon detectors and qubit…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocols attempt to establish a shared secret key between users, secure against computationally unbounded adversaries. Unlike standard quantum key distribution protocols, SQKD protocols contain at least…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Saachi Mutreja , Walter O. Krawec

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows Alice and Bob to agree on a shared secret key, while communicating over a public (untrusted) quantum channel. Compared to classical key exchange, it has two main advantages: (i) The key is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-03 Giulio Malavolta , Michael Walter