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Koopman linear representations have become a popular tool for control design of nonlinear systems, yet it remains unclear when such representations are exact. In this paper, we establish sufficient and necessary conditions under which a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Xu Shang , Masih Haseli , Jorge Cortés , Yang Zheng

Koopman analysis can be used to understand the dynamics of a nonlinear dynamical system in terms a linear, but generally infinite dimensional operator. The isostable coordinate system focuses on the slowest decaying principal Koopman…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Dan Wilson

A Koopman decomposition of a complex system leads to a representation in which nonlinear dynamics appear to be linear. The existence of a linear framework with which to analyse nonlinear dynamical systems brings new strategies for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-03-12 Jeremy Parker , Jacob Page

Linear dynamical systems are fully characterized by their eigenspectra, accessible directly from the generator of the dynamics. For nonlinear systems governed by partial differential equations, no equivalent theory exists. We introduce Lie…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shafayeth Jamil , Rehan Kapadia

This paper discusses the observability of nonlinear Dynamical Systems over Finite Fields (DSFF) through the Koopman operator framework. In this work, given a nonlinear DSFF, we construct a linear system of the smallest dimension, called the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Ramachandran Anantharaman , Virendra Sule

In this article, we propose a new filtering algorithm based in the Koopman operator, showing that a nonlinear filtering problem can be seen as an equivalent problem where the dynamics is infinite dimensional, but linear. Using Extended…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Diego Olguín , Axel Osses , Héctor Ramírez

Dynamic mode decomposition has emerged as a leading technique to identify spatiotemporal coherent structures from high-dimensional data, benefiting from a strong connection to nonlinear dynamical systems via the Koopman operator. In this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Zhe Bai , Eurika Kaiser , Joshua L. Proctor , J. Nathan Kutz , Steven L. Brunton

In this paper, we present a new data-driven method for learning stable models of nonlinear systems. Our model lifts the original state space to a higher-dimensional linear manifold using Koopman embeddings. Interestingly, we prove that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Fletcher Fan , Bowen Yi , David Rye , Guodong Shi , Ian R. Manchester

Networked nonlinear dynamics underpin the complex functionality of many engineering, social, biological, and ecological systems. Monitoring the networked dynamics via the minimum subset of nodes is essential for a variety of scientific and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Zhuangkun Wei , Bin Li , Chengyao Sun , Weisi Guo

Networks are landmarks of many complex phenomena where interweaving interactions between different agents transform simple local rule-sets into nonlinear emergent behaviors. While some recent studies unveil associations between the network…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Ali Tavasoli , Teague Henry , Heman Shakeri

We propose a neural network-based model for nonlinear dynamics in continuous time that can impose inductive biases on decay rates and/or frequencies. Inductive biases are helpful for training neural networks especially when training data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-27 Tomoharu Iwata , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Data-driven approximations of the Koopman operator are promising for predicting the time evolution of systems characterized by complex dynamics. Among these methods, the approach known as extended dynamic mode decomposition with dictionary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 C. Ricardo Constante-Amores , Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

Controlling robots with strongly nonlinear, high-dimensional dynamics remains challenging, as direct nonlinear optimization with safety constraints is often intractable in real time. The Koopman operator offers a way to represent nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Sebin Jung , Abulikemu Abuduweili , Jiaxing Li , Changliu Liu

This paper uses data-driven operator theoretic approaches to explore the global phase space of a dynamical system. We defined conditions for discovering new invariant subspaces in the state space of a dynamical system starting from an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Subhrajit Sinha , Enoch Yeung

Koopman-based methods leverage a nonlinear lifting to enable linear regression techniques. Consequently, data generation, learning and prediction is performed through the lens of this lifting, giving rise to a nonlinear manifold that is…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Pieter van Goor , Robert Mahony , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann

Koopman operators are infinite-dimensional operators that globally linearize nonlinear dynamical systems, making their spectral information valuable for understanding dynamics. However, Koopman operators can have continuous spectra and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-12 Matthew J. Colbrook , Alex Townsend

Methods for constructing causal linear models from nonlinear dynamical systems through lifting linearization underpinned by Koopman operator and physical system modeling theory are presented. Outputs of a nonlinear control system, called…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-26 Nicholas S. Selby , Filippos E. Sotiropoulos , H. Harry Asada

The accurate modeling and control of nonlinear dynamical effects are crucial for numerous robotic systems. The Koopman formalism emerges as a valuable tool for linear control design in nonlinear systems within unknown environments. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Daning Huang , Muhammad Bayu Prasetyo , Yin Yu , Junyi Geng

Data-driven safety verification of robotic systems often relies on zonotopic reachability analysis due to its scalability and computational efficiency. However, for nonlinear systems, these methods can become overly conservative, especially…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Alireza Naderi Akhormeh , Ahmad Hafez , Abdulla Fawzy , Amr Alanwar

The advent of easy access to large amount of data has sparked interest in directly developing the relationships between input and output of dynamic systems. A challenge is that in addition to the applied input and the measured output, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Leon Yan , Santosh Devasia