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Let X_1, ..., X_n be a sequence of n classical random variables and consider a sample of r positions selected at random. Then, except with (exponentially in r) small probability, the min-entropy of the sample is not smaller than, roughly, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-04 Robert Koenig , Renato Renner

How to generate provably true randomness with minimal assumptions? This question is important not only for the efficiency and the security of information processing, but also for understanding how extremely unpredictable events are possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Kai-Min Chung , Yaoyun Shi , Xiaodi Wu

A long line of work in the past two decades or so established close connections between several different pseudorandom objects and applications. These connections essentially show that an asymptotically optimal construction of one central…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Xin Li

We show that Trevisan's extractor and its variants \cite{T99,RRV99} are secure against bounded quantum storage adversaries. One instantiation gives the first such extractor to achieve an output length $\Theta(K-b)$, where $K$ is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-31 Anindya De , Thomas Vidick

Trevisan has shown that constructions of pseudo-random generators from hard functions (the Nisan-Wigderson approach) also produce extractors. We show that constructions of pseudo-random generators from one-way permutations (the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Marius Zimand

In a recent breakthrough \cite{CZ15}, Chattopadhyay and Zuckerman gave an explicit two-source extractor for min-entropy $k \geq \log^C n$ for some large enough constant $C$. However, their extractor only outputs one bit. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Xin Li

We describe a methodology and standard of proof for experimental claims of quantum random number generation (QRNG), analogous to well-established methods from precision measurement. For appropriately constructed physical implementations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-14 Morgan W. Mitchell , Carlos Abellan , Waldimar Amaya

Quantum random number generators can provide genuine randomness by appealing to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In general, a physical generator contains two parts---a randomness source and its readout. The source is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Zhu Cao , Hongyi Zhou , Xiao Yuan , Xiongfeng Ma

We present an algorithm for efficiently approximating of qubit unitaries over gate sets derived from totally definite quaternion algebras. It achieves $\varepsilon$-approximations using circuits of length $O(\log(1/\varepsilon))$, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-16 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Jon Yard

We construct families of high performance quantum amplitude damping codes. All of our codes are nonadditive and most modestly outperform the best possible additive codes in terms of encoded dimension. One family is built from nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-30 Peter W. Shor , Graeme Smith , John A. Smolin , Bei Zeng

Randomness extractors, widely used in classical and quantum cryptography and other fields of computer science, e.g., derandomization, are functions which generate almost uniform randomness from weak sources of randomness. In the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rotem Arnon , Christopher Portmann , Volkher B. Scholz

The generation of random numbers via quantum processes is an efficient and reliable method to obtain true indeterministic random numbers that are of vital importance to cryptographic communication and large-scale computer modeling. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Y. Haw , S. M. Assad , A. M. Lance , N. H. Y. Ng , V. Sharma , P. K. Lam , T. Symul

The laws of quantum mechanics allow unconditionally secure key distribution protocols. Nevertheless, security proofs of traditional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols rely on a crucial assumption, the trustworthiness of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-08 Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

The extraction of randomness from weakly random seeds is a problem of central importance with multiple applications. In the device-independent setting, this problem of quantum randomness amplification has been mainly restricted to specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Ravishankar Ramanathan

Quantum expanders are a quantum analogue of expanders, and k-tensor product expanders are a generalisation to graphs that randomise k correlated walkers. Here we give an efficient construction of constant-degree, constant-gap quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-13 Aram W. Harrow , Richard A. Low

We introduce a protocol through which a pair of quantum mechanical devices may be used to generate n bits of true randomness from a seed of O(log n) uniform bits. The bits generated are certifiably random based only on a simple statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-28 Umesh V. Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

Given a sequence of $N$ independent sources $\mathbf{X}_1,\mathbf{X}_2,\dots,\mathbf{X}_N\sim\{0,1\}^n$, how many of them must be good (i.e., contain some min-entropy) in order to extract a uniformly random string? This question was first…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eshan Chattopadhyay , Jesse Goodman

A proof of quantumness is a type of challenge-response protocol in which a classical verifier can efficiently certify the quantum advantage of an untrusted prover. That is, a quantum prover can correctly answer the verifier's challenges and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Zhenning Liu , Alexandru Gheorghiu

We present the first efficient averaging sampler that achieves asymptotically optimal randomness complexity and near-optimal sample complexity. For any $\delta < \varepsilon$ and any constant $\alpha > 0$, our sampler uses $m + O(\log (1 /…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Zhiyang Xun , David Zuckerman

We present novel and sharp lower bounds for higher load moments in the classical problem of mapping $M$ balls into $N$ bins by $q$-universal hashing, specialized to the case when $M=N$. As a corollary we prove a tight counterpart for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-10 Maciej Skorski