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This article lays out a complete framework for an effective theory of cosmological perturbations with corrections from canonical quantum gravity. Since several examples exist for quantum-gravity effects that change the structure of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Aurelien Barrau , Martin Bojowald , Gianluca Calcagni , Julien Grain , Mikhail Kagan

A set of diverse but mutually consistent results obtained in different settings has spawned a new view of loop quantum gravity and its physical implications, based on the interplay of operator calculations and effective theory: Quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-27 Martin Bojowald

We describe how a model of effective interactions between quantum fluctuations under certain assumptions can be constructed in a way so that the large-scale limit gives an effective theory that matches general relativity in vacuum regions.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-11 Anna Karlsson

Emergent gravity views spacetime as an entity emergent from a more complete theory of interacting fundamental constituents valid at much finer resolution or higher energies, usually assumed to be above the Planck energy. In this view…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-12 B. L. Hu

Theories of quantum gravity generically presuppose or predict that the reality underlying relativistic spacetimes they are describing is significantly non-spatiotemporal. On pain of empirical incoherence, approaches to quantum gravity must…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Vincent Lam , Christian Wuthrich

We develop a systematic classical framework to accommodate canonical quantization of geometric and matter perturbations on a quantum homogeneous isotropic flat spacetime. The existing approach of standard cosmological perturbations is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-06-05 Andrea Dapor , Jerzy Lewandowski , Jacek Puchta

In fundamental theories that accounts for quantum gravitational effects, the spacetime causal structure is expected to be quantum uncertain. Previous studies of quantum causal structure focused on finite-dimensional systems. Here we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Ding Jia

Spacetime geometry is supposed to be measured by identifying the trajectories of free test particles with geodesics. In practice, this cannot be done because, being described by Quantum Mechanics, particles do not follow trajectories. As a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Yuri Bonder

The aim of this paper is to explain carefully the arguments behind the assertion that the correct quantum theory of gravity must be background independent. We begin by recounting how the debate over whether quantum gravity must be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

Is there an approach to quantum gravity which is conceptually simple, relies on very few fundamental physical principles and ingredients, emphasizes geometric (as opposed to algebraic) properties, comes with a definite numerical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. Loll

`How do our ideas about quantum mechanics affect our understanding of spacetime?' This familiar question leads to quantum gravity. The complementary question is also important: `How do our ideas about spacetime affect our understanding of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 James B. Hartle

We argue that the demand of background independence in a quantum theory of gravity calls for an extension of standard geometric quantum mechanics. We discuss a possible kinematical and dynamical generalization of the latter by way of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Djordje Minic , Chia-Hsiung Tze

Numerous approaches to a quantum theory of gravity posit fundamental ontologies that exclude spacetime, either partially or wholly. This situation raises deep questions about how such theories could relate to the empirical realm, since…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-08-13 Nick Huggett , Christian Wuthrich

If gravity respects quantum mechanics, it is important to identify the essential postulates of a quantum framework capable of incorporating gravitational phenomena. Such a construct likely requires elimination or modification of some of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Steven B. Giddings

Recently, it is shown that, the quantum effects of matter are well described by the conformal degree of freedom of the space-time metric. On the other hand, it is a wellknown fact that according to Einstein's gravity theory, gravity and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Ali Shojai

In loop quantum cosmology, Friedmann-LeMaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-times arise as well-defined approximations to specific \emph{quantum} geometries. We initiate the development of a quantum theory of test scalar fields on these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-06 Abhay Ashtekar , Wojciech Kaminski , Jerzy Lewandowski

General relativity is a background-independent theory of a dynamical classical spacetime geometry. Quantum theory is formulated in a classical spacetime, as an intrinsically probabilistic, contextual theory of non-classical, interfering…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Tristan Hübsch , Djordje Minic

Any acceptable quantum gravity theory must allow us to recover the classical spacetime in the appropriate limit. Moreover, the spacetime geometrical notions should be intrinsically tied to the behavior of the matter that probes them. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-03 Yuri Bonder , Chryssomalis Chryssomalakos , Daniel Sudarsky

In this note, we describe how the study of backgrounds for general quantum systems can be formulated in terms of the representation theory of abstract $C^*$ algebras. We illustrate our general framework through two example systems:…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-15 Marc Klinger

The aim of this review is to outline a full route from the fundamental principles of algebraic quantum field theory on curved spacetime in its present-day form to explicit phenomenological applications which allow for comparison with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-02 Klaus Fredenhagen , Thomas-Paul Hack