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Linear bilevel programs (linear BLPs) have been widely used in computational mathematics and optimization in several applications. Single-level reformulation for linear BLPs replaces the lower-level linear program with its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Saeed Mohammadi , Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh , Steven A. Gabriel , Dina Khastieva

Practical optimization problems may contain different kinds of difficulties that are often not tractable if one relies on a particular optimization method. Different optimization approaches offer different strengths that are good at…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ankur Sinha , Dhaval Pujara , Hemant Kumar Singh

We propose an extended variant of the reformulation and decomposition algorithm for solving a special class of mixed-integer bilevel linear programs (MIBLPs) where continuous and integer variables are involved in both upper- and lower-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-03 Dajun Yue , Jiyao Gao , Bo Zeng , Fengqi You

In this paper, we develop a new decomposition technique for solving bi-objective linear programming problems. The proposed methodology combines the bi-objective simplex algorithm with Benders decomposition and can be used to obtain a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Andrea Raith , Richard Lusby , Ali Akbar Sohrabi Yousefkhan

Hyperparameter tuning is an important task of machine learning, which can be formulated as a bilevel program (BLP). However, most existing algorithms are not applicable for BLP with non-smooth lower-level problems. To address this, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-04 He Chen , Haochen Xu , Rujun Jiang , Anthony Man-Cho So

This paper presents a comprehensive review of techniques proposed in the literature for solving bilevel optimization problems encountered in various real-life applications. Bilevel optimization is an appropriate choice for hierarchical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Dhaval Pujara , Ankur Sinha

Bilevel Optimization Programming is used to model complex and conflicting interactions between agents, for example in Robust AI or Privacy-preserving AI. Integrating bilevel mathematical programming within deep learning is thus an essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Francesco Alesiani

Bilevel optimization has gained significant attention in recent years due to its broad applications in machine learning. This paper focuses on bilevel optimization in decentralized networks and proposes a novel single-loop algorithm for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Youran Dong , Shiqian Ma , Junfeng Yang , Chao Yin

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive algorithmic framework for solving mixed integer bilevel linear optimization problems (MIBLPs) using a generalized branch-and-cut approach. The framework presented merges features from existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Sahar Tahernejad , Ted K. Ralphs , Scott T. DeNegre

Gradient-based hyperparameter optimization (HPO) have emerged recently, leveraging bilevel programming techniques to optimize hyperparameter by estimating hypergradient w.r.t. validation loss. Nevertheless, previous theoretical works mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yubo Zhou , Jun Shu , Junmin Liu , Deyu Meng

We provide a multilevel approach for analysing performances of parallel algorithms. The main outcome of such approach is that the algorithm is described by using a set of operators which are related to each other according to the problem…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Luisa D'Amore , Valeria Mele , Diego Romano , Giuliano Laccetti

Bilevel optimization has found successful applications in various machine learning problems, including hyper-parameter optimization, data cleaning, and meta-learning. However, its huge computational cost presents a significant challenge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaoyu Wang , Rui Pan , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang

Generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) is a globally optimal algorithm for mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems, which are NP-hard and can be widely found in the area of wireless resource allocation. The main idea of GBD is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Mengyuan Lee , Ning Ma , Guanding Yu , Huaiyu Dai

A large number of application problems involve two levels of optimization, where one optimization task is nested inside the other. These problems are known as bilevel optimization problems and have been studied by both classical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-09 Ankur Sinha , Zhichao Lu , Kalyanmoy Deb , Pekka Malo

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

A bilevel program is an optimization problem whose constraints involve another optimization problem. This paper studies bilevel polynomial programs (BPPs), i.e., all the functions are polynomials. We reformulate BPPs equivalently as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-04 Jiawang Nie , Li Wang , Jane Ye

This paper proposes a joint decomposition method that combines La- grangian decomposition and generalized Benders decomposition, to efficiently solve multiscenario nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems to global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-22 Emmanuel Ogbe , Xiang Li

Bilevel programming problems frequently arise in real-world applications across various fields, including transportation, economics, energy markets and healthcare. These problems have been proven to be NP-hard even in the simplest form with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Sina Hajikazemi , Florian Steinke

We study two-stage stochastic optimization models with mixed-integer decision variables appearing in both stages. For these models, dual decomposition enables parallel computing implementation and can quickly provide a lower bound for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Pengyu Zhang , Ruiwei Jiang

Bilevel optimization enjoys a wide range of applications in emerging machine learning and signal processing problems such as hyper-parameter optimization, image reconstruction, meta-learning, adversarial training, and reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Han Shen , Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen
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