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The popularity of Tor as an anonymity system has made it a popular target for a variety of attacks. We focus on traffic correlation attacks, which are no longer solely in the realm of academic research with recent revelations about the NSA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Rishab Nithyanand , Oleksii Starov , Adva Zair , Phillipa Gill , Michael Schapira

After carefully considering the scalability problem in Tor and exhaustively evaluating related works on AS-level adversaries, the author proposes ASmoniTor, which is an autonomous system monitor for mitigating correlation attacks in the Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Nguyen Phong Hoang

Previous attacks that link the sender and receiver of traffic in the Tor network ("correlation attacks") have generally relied on analyzing traffic from TCP connections. The TCP connections of a typical client application, however, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-13 Benjamin Greschbach , Tobias Pulls , Laura M. Roberts , Philipp Winter , Nick Feamster

The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems and Internet exchanges, which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We aim to determine whether network path…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Joshua Juen , Aaron Johnson , Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Matthew Caesar

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich

Tor is vulnerable to network-level adversaries who can observe both ends of the communication to deanonymize users. Recent work has shown that Tor is susceptible to the previously unknown active BGP routing attacks, called RAPTOR attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Nick Feamster , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Tor users are vulnerable to deanonymization by an adversary that can observe some Tor relays or some parts of the network. We demonstrate that previous network-aware path-selection algorithms that propose to solve this problem are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Aaron Johnson , Rob Jansen , Aaron D. Jaggard , Joan Feigenbaum , Paul Syverson

Anonymity systems such as Tor aim to enable users to communicate in a manner that is untraceable by adversaries that control a small number of machines. To provide efficient service to users, these anonymity systems make full use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Prateek Mittal , Ahmed Khurshid , Joshua Juen , Matthew Caesar , Nikita Borisov

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

Tor, a widely utilized privacy network, enables anonymous communication but is vulnerable to flow correlation attacks that deanonymize users by correlating traffic patterns from Tor's ingress and egress segments. Various defenses have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Minjae Seo , Myoungsung You , Jaehan Kim , Taejune Park , Seungwon Shin , Jinwoo Kim

Tor onion services rely on long-lived introduction circuits to support anonymous rendezvous between clients and services. Although Tor incorporates defenses against traffic analysis, the introduction protocol retains deterministic routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Nicolas Constantinides

The Tor anonymous network has become quite popular with regular users on the Internet. In the Tor network, an anonymous path is created by selecting three relays through which the connection is redirected. Nevertheless, as the number of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Sadegh Momeni Milajerdi , Mehdi Kharrazi

The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Tor is the most widely used anonymity network, currently serving millions of users each day. However, there is no access control in place for all these users, leaving the network vulnerable to botnet abuse and attacks. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Zhuotao Liu , Yushan Liu , Philipp Winter , Prateek Mittal , Yih-Chun Hu

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industries. After many years of research the community still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS) capable of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Ephraim Iorkyase , Andrew Hamilton , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Despite being the most popular privacy-enhancing network, Tor is increasingly adopted by cybercriminals to obfuscate malicious traffic, hindering the identification of malware-related communications between compromised devices and Command…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ishan Karunanayake , Mashael AlSabah , Nadeem Ahmed , Sanjay Jha

Anonymous communication systems are subject to selective denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Selective DoS attacks lower anonymity as they force paths to be rebuilt multiple times to ensure delivery which increases the opportunity for more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov

Several hundred Tor exit relays together push more than 1 GiB/s of network traffic. However, it is easy for exit relays to snoop and tamper with anonymised network traffic and as all relays are run by independent volunteers, not all of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Philipp Winter , Stefan Lindskog
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