Related papers: Atmospheric Neutrinos
The modern picture of the neutrino as a multiple mass highly mixed neutral particle has emerged over 40 years of study. Best known of the issues leading to this picture was the apparent loss of neutrinos coming from the sun. This article…
I give a brief critical review of the predicted intensity of diffuse high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin over the energy range from 10^12 eV to 10^24 eV. Neutrinos from interactions of galactic cosmic rays with interstellar matter…
Multi-messenger high-energy astrophysics has currently achieved the potential to unravel the origin of cosmic rays and how sources accelerate them, their relation to the diffuse radiation in the extra-galactic space, and their role to forge…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has recently found compelling evidence for a particular blazar producing high-energy neutrinos and $\mathrm{PeV}$ cosmic rays, however the sources of cosmic rays above several $\mathrm{EeV}$ remain…
Neutrinos are produced by a variety of sources that comprise our Sun, explosive environments such as core-collapse supernovae, the Earth and the Early Universe. The precise origin of the recently discovered ultra-high energy neutrinos is to…
Prompt neutrino fluxes due to the interactions of high-energy cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere are backgrounds in the search for high-energy neutrinos of galactic or extra-galactic origin performed by Very Large Volume Neutrino…
In this paper we review the search for astrophysical neutrinos. We begin by summarizing the various theoretical predictions which correlate the expected neutrino flux with data from other messengers, specifically gammas and ultra-high…
The IceCube collaboration has discovered a new, cosmic component of high-energy neutrinos. Although neutrino oscillations suggest that the cosmic neutrino spectrum is almost the same for every neutrino flavor, the attempts to reconstruct…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a diffuse flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos for more than a decade. A relevant background to the astrophysical flux is prompt atmospheric neutrinos, originating from the decay of…
At a time when IceCube is nearing completion, we revisit the rationale for constructing kilometer-scale neutrino detectors. We focus on the prospect that such observatories reveal the still-enigmatic sources of cosmic rays. While only a…
I give a brief discussion of possible sources of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin over the energy range from $\sim 10^{12}$ eV to $\sim 10^{25}$ eV. In particular I shall review predictions of the diffuse neutrino intensity.…
IceCube have observed neutrinos which are presumably of extra-galactic origin. Since specific sources have not yet been identified, we discuss what could be learned from the conceptual point of view. We use a simple model for neutrino…
The diffuse neutrino flux measured in IceCube is comparable with the ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) flux, which has led to the concept of a unified origin of high-energy neutrino and UHECR backgrounds. We construct a generic…
The IceCube collaboration reports a detection of extra-terrestrial neutrinos. The isotropy and flavor content of the signal, and the coincidence, within current uncertainties, of the 50 TeV to 2 PeV flux and the spectrum with the…
Interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei in their sources and in the interstellar medium produce "hadronic" gamma-ray emission. Gamma-rays can also be of "leptonic" origin, i.e. originating from high-energy electrons accelerated…
First evidence of high-energy astrophysical neutrino observation with the IceCube detector from May 2010 to May 2012 is presented. Selecting for high-energy neutrino events with vertices well contained in the detector volume, the analysis…
Neutrino astrophysics offers new perspectives on the Universe investigation: high energy neutrinos, produced by the most energetic phenomena in our Galaxy and in the Universe, carry complementary (if not exclusive) information about the…
The atmospheric neutrino beam simultaneously spans a range of pathlengths from ten to ten thousand kilometers, which correspond respectively to downward- and upward-going neutrinos. As with any neutrino oscillation experiment, also in this…
We summarize recent results of the observations of high (1 TeV-100 PeV) and ultrahigh ($\geq 100$ PeV) energy neutrinos, including the detection of a diffuse cosmic high-energy neutrino background, the identification of the first neutrino…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has provided the first map of the high energy (~ 0.01 -- 1 PeV) sky in neutrinos. Since neutrinos propagate undeflected, their arrival direction is an important identifier for sources of high energy particle…