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Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line during the Epoch of Reionization will open a new window to probe the intergalactic medium during the formation of the first stars, galaxies, and black holes. A particularly promising route to an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kai-Feng Chen , Meredith Neyer , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Aaron Smith , Mark Vogelsberger

Analytic derivations of the correlation function and the column density distribution for neutral hydrogen in the IGM are presented, assuming that the non-linear baryonic mass density distribution in the IGM is lognormal. This ansatz was…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 T. Roy Choudhury , T. Padmanabhan , R. Srianand

The observed high covering fractions of neutral hydrogen (HI) with column densities above $\sim 10^{17} \rm{cm}^{-2}$ around Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) and bright quasars at redshifts z ~ 2-3 has been identified as a challenge for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-25 Alireza Rahmati , Joop Schaye , Richard G. Bower , Robert A. Crain , Michelle Furlong , Matthieu Schaller , Tom Theuns

Intensity mapping (IM) of spectral lines has the potential to revolutionize cosmology by increasing the total number of observed modes by several orders of magnitude compared to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-22 Jurek B. Bauer , David J. E. Marsh , Renée Hložek , Hamsa Padmanabhan , Alex Laguë

The redshifted 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization (EoR) directly probes the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium during that period. In particular, the distribution of the ionized regions around the radiating…

During reionization, neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) imprints a damping wing absorption feature on the spectrum of high-redshift quasars. A detection of this signature provides compelling evidence for a significantly…

Measurements of the 21cm line emission by residual cosmic hydrogen after reionization can be used to trace the power spectrum of density perturbations through a significant fraction of the observable volume of the Universe. We show that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Abraham Loeb , Stuart Wyithe

Spectral distortions in the cosmic microwave background over the 40--200~MHz band are imprinted by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium prior to the end of reionization. This signal, produced in the redshift range $z = 6-34$ at the…

There is growing interest in using 3-dimensional neutral hydrogen mapping with the redshifted 21 cm line as a cosmological probe, as it has been argued to have a greater long-term potential than the cosmic microwave background. However, its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yi Mao , Max Tegmark , Matthew McQuinn , Matias Zaldarriaga , Oliver Zahn

The redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Owing to the complex growth and morphology of ionized regions, the 21-cm brightness-temperature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Vishrut Pandya , Leon Noble , Suman Majumdar , Debanjan Sarkar , Mohd Kamran , Abhirup Datta

We present a simulation-based framework to forecast the HI power spectrum on non-linear scales ($k\gtrsim 1\ {\rm Mpc^{-1}}$), as measured by interferometer arrays like MeerKAT in the low-redshift ($z\leq 1.0$) universe. Building on a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 Zhixing Li , Laura Wolz , Hong Guo , Steven Cunnington , Yi Mao

Intensity mapping surveys will provide access to a coarse view of the cosmic large-scale structure in unprecedented large volumes at high redshifts. Given the large fractions of the sky that can be efficiently scanned using emission from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Oliver Leicht , Cora Uhlemann , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Sandrine Codis , Lars Hernquist , Shy Genel

Upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will measure temperature fluctuations on small angular scales with unprecedented precision, enabling improved measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. This secondary…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Neha Anil Kumar , Mesut Çalışkan , Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski , Simone Ferraro , Kendrick Smith

After reionization, neutral hydrogen (HI) traces the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe, enabling HI intensity mapping (IM) to capture the LSS in 3D and constrain key cosmological parameters. We present a new framework utilizing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-10 Eishica Chand , Arka Banerjee , Simon Foreman , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro

We explore the impact of incorporating physically motivated ionisation and recombination rates on the history and topology of cosmic reionisation, by incorporating inputs from small-volume hydrodynamic simulations into a semi-numerical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Sultan Hassan , Romeel Davé , Kristian Finlator , Mario G. Santos

We examine the impact of helium reionization on the structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We model the reionization using a radiative transfer (RT) code coupled to the combined gravity hydrodynamics code Enzo. Neutral hydrogen and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 A. Meiksin , E. R. Tittley

Simulated maps of the HI distribution in the post-reionization era are used to study the prospects for detection with existing and upcoming radio telescopes. We consider detection in the redshifted radiation from the hyperfine transition…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-29 Nishikanta Khandai , Kanan K. Datta , J. S. Bagla

Lyman-limit absorption systems can play many important roles during and after cosmological reionization. Unfortunately, due to the prohibitively large dynamic range required, it is impossible to self-consistently include these systems in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Daniela Crociani , Andrei Mesinger , Lauro Moscardini , Steven Furlanetto

The hyperfine transition of $^3$He$^+$ at 3.5cm has been thought as a probe of the high-z IGM since it offers a unique insight into the evolution of the helium component of the gas, as well as potentially give an independent constraint on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Shivan Khullar , Qingbo Ma , Philipp Busch , Benedetta Ciardi , Marius B. Eide , Koki Kakiichi

Observations with radio arrays that target the 21-cm signal originating from the early Universe suffer from a variety of systematic effects. An important class of these are reflections and spurious couplings between antennas. We apply a…