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We demonstrate that the task of determining an unknown quantum state can be accomplished efficiently by making a sequential measurement of two observables $\hat{A}$ and $\hat{B}$, provided that the two observables are chosen in such a way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-22 Antonio Di Lorenzo

In a noncontextual hidden variable model of quantum theory, hidden variables determine the outcomes of every measurement in a manner that is independent of how the measurement is implemented. Using a generalization of this notion to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-09 Robert W. Spekkens , D. H. Buzacott , A. J. Keehn , Ben Toner , G. J. Pryde

The notion of (non)contextuality pertains to sets of properties measured one subset (context) at a time. We extend this notion to include so-called inconsistently connected systems, in which the measurements of a given property in different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-17 Janne V. Kujala , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Jan-Åke Larsson

Finding quantitative aspects of quantum phenomena which cannot be explained by any classical model has foundational importance for understanding the boundary between classical and quantum theory. It also has practical significance for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-06 David Schmid , Robert W. Spekkens

We study the problem of mapping an unknown mixed quantum state onto a known pure state without the use of unitary transformations. This is achieved with the help of sequential measurements of two non-commuting observables only. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. Roa , M. L. Ladron de Guevara , A. Delgado , A. Klimov

In a recent work, arXiv:2503.05884, we proposed a unified notion of nonclassicality that applies to arbitrary processes in quantum theory, including individual quantum states, measurements, channels, set of these, etc. This notion is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Yujie Zhang , Yìlè Yīng , David Schmid

Contextuality is a natural generalization of nonlocality which does not need composite systems or spacelike separation and offers a wider spectrum of interesting phenomena. Most notably, in quantum mechanics there exist scenarios where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Matthias Kleinmann , Costantino Budroni , Jan-Åke Larsson , Otfried Gühne , Adan Cabello

Whereas complementarity manifests itself via two incompatible observables, quantum contextuality can only be revealed via the joint measurements among at least three observables. By incorporating unsharp measurements and joint measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

We present a detailed motivation for and definition of the contextual values of an observable, which were introduced by Dressel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 240401 (2010)]. The theory of contextual values extends the well-established theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-29 J. Dressel , A. N. Jordan

We prove that every conceivable hidden variable model reproducing the quantum mechanical predictions of almost any entangled state must necessarily violate Bell's locality condition. The proof does not involve the consideration of any Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto

The uncertainty principle imposes a fundamental limit on predicting the measurement outcomes of incompatible observables even if complete classical information of the system state is known. The situation is different if one can build a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Huangjun Zhu

Conventional wisdom asserts that measurement incompatibility is necessary for revealing the non-locality and contextuality. In contrast, a recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 230201 (2023)] demonstrates the generalized contextuality without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Partha Patra , Sumit Mukherjee , A. K. Pan

The ontological model framework for an operational theory has generated much interest in recent years. The debate concerning reality of quantum states has been made more precise in this framework. With the introduction of generalized notion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Manik Banik , Some Sankar Bhattacharya , Sujit K Choudhary , Amit Mukherjee , Arup Roy

The existence of incompatible measurements is often believed to be a feature of quantum theory which signals its inconsistency with any classical worldview. To prove the failure of classicality in the sense of Kochen-Specker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , David Schmid , Elie Wolfe , Ana Belén Sainz , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

Contextuality is a fundamental manifestation of nonclassicality, indicating that for certain quantum correlations, sets of jointly measurable variables cannot be pre-assigned values independently of the measurement context. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Chellasamy Jebarathinam , R. Srikanth

Every measurement on a quantum system causes a state change from the system state just before the measurement to the system state just after the measurement conditional upon the outcome of measurement. This paper determines all the possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Masanao Ozawa

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite set of states of a finite dimensional multiparticle quantum system to be amenable to unambiguous discrimination using local operations and classical communication. This condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Anthony Chefles

We consider uncertainty relations that give lower bounds to the sum of variances. Finding such lower bounds is typically complicated, and efficient procedures are known only for a handful of cases. In this paper we present procedures based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Paolo Giorda , Lorenzo Maccone , Alberto Riccardi

Recent experiments have demonstrated ququart state-independent quantum contextuality and qutrit state-dependent quantum contextuality. So far, the most basic form of quantum contextuality pointed out by Kochen and Specker, and Bell, has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 Adan Cabello , Elias Amselem , Kate Blanchfield , Mohamed Bourennane , Ingemar Bengtsson

We consider the qubit initial state preparation due to the nonselective measurements on an overcomplete basis, when the number of outcomes $N=3$. To be specific, we have chosen the dephasing model and applied the conditions for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 V. V. Ignatyuk