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This is the longer (partially unpublished) version of response; the shorter version (http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0605013) is published in Physics Letters A. We point out that the claims in the comment-paper of Scheuer and Yariv are either…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

We classify and analyze bit errors in the current measurement mode of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key distribution. The error probability decays exponentially with increasing bit exchange period and fixed bandwidth, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish , Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl , Claes G. Granqvist

Recently, Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.2709v2.pdf] proposed a new scheme to utilize electromagnetic waves for eavesdropping on the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution. We proved in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Hsien-Pu Chen , Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Gabor Schmera

The security vulnerability of the Vadai, Mingesz, and Gingl (VMG) Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key exchanger, as presented in the publication "Nature, Science Report 5 (2015) 13653," has been exposed to transient attacks. Recently an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

In this paper, a Resistor Hopping (RH) scheme with the addition of biases is proposed for secure Kirchhoff Law Johnson-Noise (KLJN) communication. The RH approach enables us to increase the bit rate of secure communication between Alice and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Mohammad Salman , Rausley A. A. de Souza

We demonstrate the security vulnerability of the ideal Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key exchanger against transient attacks. Transients start when Alice and Bob connect the wire to their chosen resistor at the beginning of each clock…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish

A recent paper by Gunn-Allison-Abbott (GAA) [L.J. Gunn et al., Scientific Reports 4 (2014) 6461] argued that the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system could experience a severe information leak. Here we refute their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Zoltan Gingl , Robert Mingesz , Gergely Vadai , Janusz Smulko , Claes-Goran Granqvist

We survey the most important results and some recent developments about the secure key exchange protocol where the security is based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the robustness of classical physical information. We conclude that…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Laszlo B. Kish

The no-cloning theorem can be used as a basis for quantum money constructions which guarantee unconditionally unforgeable currency. Existing schemes, however, either (i) require long-term quantum memory and quantum communication between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Dmytro Gavinsky , Dar Gilboa , Siddhartha Jain , Dmitri Maslov , Jarrod R. McClean

We outline some general solutions to use already existing and currently used wire lines, such as power lines, phone lines, internet lines, etc, for the unconditionally secure communication method based on Kirchoff's Law and Johnson-like…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

Known key exchange schemes offering information-theoretic (unconditional) security are complex and costly to implement. Nonetheless, they remain the only known methods for achieving unconditional security in key exchange. Therefore, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Laszlo B. Kish

We critically analyze the results and claims in [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 901-904]. We show that the strong security leak appeared in the simulations is only an artifact and not caused by "multiple reflections". Since no wave modes…

General Physics · Physics 2014-02-07 Laszlo B. Kish , Tamas Horvath

Wiesner's unforgeable quantum money scheme is widely celebrated as the first quantum information application. Based on the no-cloning property of quantum mechanics, this scheme allows for the creation of credit cards used in authenticated…

An absolutely secure, fast, inexpensive, robust, maintenance-free and low-power- consumption communication is proposed. The states of the information bit are represented by two resistance values. The sender and the receiver have such…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-04-23 Laszlo B. Kish

Public-key quantum money is a cryptographic protocol in which a bank can create quantum states which anyone can verify but no one except possibly the bank can clone or forge. There are no secure public-key quantum money schemes in the…

We discuss the speed-error-heat triangle and related problems with rapidly increasing energy dissipation and error rate during miniaturization. These and the independently growing need of unconditional data security have provoked…

General Physics · Physics 2008-08-20 Laszlo B. Kish

Over decades quantum cryptography has been intensively studied for unconditionally secured data transmission in a quantum regime. Due to the quantum loopholes caused by imperfect single photon detectors and/or lossy quantum channels,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Byoung S. Ham

In this paper, the vulnerability of the Vadai, Mingesz and Gingl (VMG)- Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Key Exchanger (Nature, Science Report 5 (2015) 13653) against two active attacks is demonstrated. The security vulnerability arises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shahriar Ferdous , Christiana Chamon , Laszlo B. Kish

In a forthcoming paper in IEE Proceedings Information Security, Feng Hao claims that temperature inaccuracies make the key exchange scheme based on Kirchhoff Loop with Johnson-like Noise insecure. First we point out that this claim is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

We present a comprehensive analysis of the Johnson (like) noise based classical key-distribution scheme presented by Kish [1]. We suggest two passive attack strategies that enable an adversary to gain complete knowledge of the exchanged…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jacob Scheuer , Amnon Yariv