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Attosecond pulses provide unique opportunities for studies of time-resolved electron dynamics. However, focusing these pulses, typically ranging from the vacuum ultraviolet to the soft-X-ray region, remains challenging. Conventional…

We present a pair of optimized objective lenses with long working distances of 117~mm and 65~mm respectively that offer diffraction limited performance for both Cs and Rb wavelengths when imaging through standard vacuum windows. The designs…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-27 J. D. Pritchard , J. A. Isaacs , M. Saffman

Meta-optics, the application of metasurfaces into optical systems, is seeing an accelerating development owing to advantages in size, weight and cost and the ability to program optical functions beyond traditional refractive optics. The…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-11 Kai Sun , Xingzhao Yan , Jordan Scott , Jun-Yu Ou , James N. Monks , Otto L. Muskens

Controlling the flow of broadband electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale remains a critical challenge in optoelectronics. Surface plasmon polaritons (or plasmons) provide subwavelength localization of light, but are affected by significant…

Optics · Physics 2022-02-15 Maxim S. Elizarov , Yuri S. Kivshar , A. Fratalocchi

Large-scale metasurfaces promise nanophotonic performance improvements to macroscopic optics functionality, for applications from imaging to analog computing. Yet the size scale mismatch of centimeter-scale chips versus micron-scale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Wenjin Xue , Hanwen Zhang , Abinand Gopal , Vladimir Rokhlin , Owen D. Miller

We present two long-working-distance objective lenses with numerical apertures (NA) of 0.29 and 0.4 for single-atom experiments. The objective lenses are assembled entirely by the commercial on-catalog $\Phi$1'' singlets. Both the…

Modern nanofabrication techniques have enabled us to manipulate the wavefront of light with sub-wavelength-scale structures, offering the potential to replace bulky refractive surfaces in conventional optics with ultrathin metasurfaces. In…

The ultimate feature size is key in ultrafast laser material processing. A capacity to signiicantly exceed optical limits and to structure below 100nm is essential to advance ultrafast processing into the field of metamaterials. Such…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-18 G. Zhang , A. Rudenko , R. Stoian , G. Cheng

Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as metasurfaces, have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to create ultra-thin flat lenses with extremely short focal lengths. Several materials with different…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-27 Elyas Bayati , Alan Zhan , Shane Colburn , Arka Majumdar

We have designed, built, and characterized a high-resolution objective lens that is compatible with an ultra-high vacuum environment. The lens system exploits the principle of the Weierstrass-sphere solid immersion lens to reach a numerical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-05 Carsten Robens , Stefan Brakhane , Wolfgang Alt , Felix Kleißler , Dieter Meschede , Geol Moon , Gautam Ramola , Andrea Alberti

Recent years have seen a considerable surge of research on developing heuristic approaches to realize analog computing using physical waves. Among these, neuromorphic computing using light waves is envisioned to feature performance metrics…

Optics · Physics 2022-10-18 Cheng-Chia Tsai , Xiaoyan Huang , Zhicheng Wu , Zongfu Yu , Nanfang Yu

Terahertz chiral sensing and polarization-multiplexing communication demand subwavelength devices that dynamically invert polarization helicity. Metasurfaces can enhance anisotropy and fine tunability at subwavelength scales for this…

Far-field characterization of small objects is severely constrained by the diffraction limit. Existing tools achieving sub-diffraction resolution often utilize point-by-point image reconstruction via scanning or labelling. Here, we present…

Breaking the diffraction limit is always an appealing topic due to the urge for a better imaging resolution in almost all areas. As an effective solution, the superlens based on the plasmonic effect can resonantly amplify evanescent waves,…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-28 Tie-Jun Huang , Li-Zheng Yin , Jin Zhao , Chao-Hai Du , Pu-Kun Liu

Meta-optics has achieved major breakthroughs in the past decade; however, conventional forward design faces challenges as functionality complexity and device size scale up. Inverse design aims at optimizing meta-optics design but has been…

Photonic devices rarely provide both elaborate spatial control and sharp spectral control over an incoming wavefront. In optical metasurfaces, for example, the localized modes of individual meta-units govern the wavefront shape over a broad…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-27 Stephanie C. Malek , Adam C. Overvig , Andrea Alù , Nanfang Yu

Nonlinear light sources are central to a myriad of applications, driving a quest for their miniaturisation down to the nanoscale. In this quest, nonlinear metasurfaces hold a great promise, as they enhance nonlinear effects through their…

We present a design strategy for selecting the effective polarizability distribution for a metasurface aperture needed to form a desired radiation pattern. A metasurface aperture consists of an array of subwavelength metamaterial elements,…

Optical absorption is usually considered deleterious, something to avoid if at all possible. We propose a broadband nanoabsorber that completely eliminates the diffracting wave, resulting in a subwavelength enhancement of the field.…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-31 Heeso Noh , Sebastien M. Popoff , Hui Cao

Metasurfaces provide a versatile and compact approach to free-space optical manipulation and wavefront shaping. Comprised of arrays of judiciously-arranged dipolar resonators, metasurfaces precisely control the amplitude, polarization, and…