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Random walks on lattices with preferential relocation to previously visited sites provide a simple framework for modeling the displacements of animals and humans. When the lattice contains a few impurities or resource sites where the walker…
Snoring is extremely common in the general population and when irregular may indicate the presence of obstructive sleep apnea. We analyze the overnight sequence of wave packets --- the snore sound --- recorded during full polysomnography in…
In the research of the impact of gestures using by a lecturer, one challenging task is to infer the attention of a group of audiences. Two important measurements that can help infer the level of attention are eye movement data and…
Neuroscientists have recently shown that images that are difficult to find in visual search elicit similar patterns of firing across a population of recorded neurons. The $L^{1}$ distance between firing rate vectors associated with two…
Reading is a process that unfolds across space and time, alternating between fixations where a reader focuses on a specific point in space, and saccades where a reader rapidly shifts their focus to a new point. An ansatz of…
Inhibition is considered to shape neural activity, and broaden its pattern repertoire. In the sensory organs, where the anatomy of neural circuits is highly structured, lateral inhibition sharpens contrast among stimulus properties. The…
Do reasoning models have "Aha!" moments? Prior work suggests that models like DeepSeek-R1-Zero undergo sudden mid-trace realizations that lead to accurate outputs, implying an intrinsic capacity for self-correction. Yet, it remains unclear…
We present the results of a systematic observational campaign designed to search for microvariability in the optical polarization of BL Lac objects. We have observed a sample formed by 8 X-ray-selected and 10 radio-selected sources, looking…
Regularization occurs when the output a learner produces is less variable than the linguistic data they observed. In an artificial language learning experiment, we show that there exist at least two independent sources of regularization…
Judging the readability of text has many important applications, for instance when performing text simplification or when sourcing reading material for language learners. In this paper, we present a 518 participant study which investigates…
We study the problem of identifying individuals based on their characteristic gaze patterns during reading of arbitrary text. The motivation for this problem is an unobtrusive biometric setting in which a user is observed during access to a…
This study investigates the sleep characteristics and brain activity of individuals in the gray zone of insomnia, a population that experiences sleep disturbances yet does not fully meet the clinical criteria for chronic insomnia. Thirteen…
Noise appears in the brain due to various sources, such as ionic channel fluctuations and synaptic events. They affect the activities of the brain and influence neuron action potentials. Stochastic differential equations have been used to…
A brain microstate is characterized by a unique, fixed spatial distribution of electrically active neurons with time varying amplitude. It is hypothesized that a microstate implements a functional/physiological state of the brain during…
We have monitored the BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 in the optical bands during 2012 January and February with long time spans on intraday timescales ($>$5 hr) and high time resolutions. During this monitoring period, the object shows…
Purpose: When comparing different scans of the same radiochromic film, several patterns can be observed. These patterns are caused by different sources of uncertainty, which affect the repeatability of the scanner. The purpose of this work…
Electroencephalography (EEG)-based wearable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) face challenges due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and non-stationary neural activity. We introduce in this manuscript a mathematically rigorous framework that…
Working memory is responsible for the temporary manipulation and storage of information to support reasoning, learning and comprehension in the human brain. Background oscillations from subcortical structures may drive a gating or switching…
Ecological, environmental and geophysical time series consistently exhibit the characteristics of coloured (1/f^\b{eta}) noise. Here we briefly survey the literature on coloured noise, population persistence and related evolutionary…
Three abilities - the ability to recognize sounds, the ability to visually recognize movement and the ability to keep an upright standing position - can function only with using precise measurements of the short time intervals. Other…