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Optimal prompt selection is crucial for maximizing large language model (LLM) performance on downstream tasks, especially in black-box settings where models are only accessible via APIs. Black-box prompt selection is challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Lennart Schneider , Martin Wistuba , Aaron Klein , Jacek Golebiowski , Giovanni Zappella , Felice Antonio Merra

Optimisation problems often have multiple conflicting objectives that can be computationally and/or financially expensive. Mono-surrogate Bayesian optimisation (BO) is a popular model-based approach for optimising such black-box functions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 George De Ath , Tinkle Chugh , Alma A. M. Rahat

Surrogate algorithms such as Bayesian optimisation are especially designed for black-box optimisation problems with expensive objectives, such as hyperparameter tuning or simulation-based optimisation. In the literature, these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Laurens Bliek , Arthur Guijt , Rickard Karlsson , Sicco Verwer , Mathijs de Weerdt

Real-world optimization problems often do not just involve multiple objectives but also uncertain parameters. In this case, the goal is to find Pareto-optimal solutions that are robust, i.e., reasonably good under all possible realizations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-06 Fabian Chlumsky-Harttmann , Marie Schmidt , Anita Schöbel

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) methods seek to find global optima of objective functions which are only available as a black-box or are expensive to evaluate. Such methods construct a surrogate model for the objective function, quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-10 Enrico Crovini , Simon L. Cotter , Konstantinos Zygalakis , Andrew B. Duncan

Optimistic methods have been applied with success to single-objective optimization. Here, we attempt to bridge the gap between optimistic methods and multi-objective optimization. In particular, this paper is concerned with solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Abdullah Al-Dujaili , S. Suresh

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful technology for optimizing noisy expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions, with a broad range of real-world applications in science, engineering, economics, manufacturing, and beyond. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Joel A. Paulson , Calvin Tsay

We describe a light-weight yet performant system for hyper-parameter optimization that approximately minimizes an overall scalar cost function that is obtained by combining multiple performance objectives using a target-priority-limit…

Performance analysis is crucial in optimization research, especially when addressing black-box problems through nature-inspired algorithms. Current practices often rely heavily on statistical methods, which can lead to various logical…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yunpeng Jing , HaiLin Liu , Qunfeng Liu

Quantum and quantum-inspired optimisation algorithms are designed to solve problems represented in binary, quadratic and unconstrained form. Combinatorial optimisation problems are therefore often formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Mayowa Ayodele , Richard Allmendinger , Manuel López-Ibáñez , Matthieu Parizy

Bayesian optimization provides an effective method to optimize expensive-to-evaluate black box functions. It has been widely applied to problems in many fields, including notably in computer science, e.g. in machine learning to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mike Diessner , Joseph O'Connor , Andrew Wynn , Sylvain Laizet , Yu Guan , Kevin Wilson , Richard D. Whalley

We present a framework to build a multiobjective algorithm from single-objective ones. This framework addresses the $p \times n$-dimensional problem of finding p solutions in an n-dimensional search space, maximizing an indicator by dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-19 Cheikh Touré , Nikolaus Hansen , Anne Auger , Dimo Brockhoff

Multi-objective optimization is a crucial matter in computer systems design space exploration because real-world applications often rely on a trade-off between several objectives. Derivatives are usually not available or impractical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Luigi Nardi , David Koeplinger , Kunle Olukotun

Performance complementarity of solvers available to tackle black-box optimization problems gives rise to the important task of algorithm selection (AS). Automated AS approaches can help replace tedious and labor-intensive manual selection,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Ana Kostovska , Anja Jankovic , Diederick Vermetten , Sašo Džeroski , Tome Eftimov , Carola Doerr

A widely accepted way to assess the performance of iterative black-box optimizers is to analyze their empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) of pre-defined quality targets achieved not later than a given runtime. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Manuel López-Ibáñez , Diederick Vermetten , Johann Dreo , Carola Doerr

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a technique for sample-efficient black-box optimization that employs probabilistic models to identify promising input locations for evaluation. When dealing with composite-structured functions, such as f=g o h,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Natalie Maus , Zhiyuan Jerry Lin , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

The application of machine learning (ML) models to the analysis of optimization algorithms requires the representation of optimization problems using numerical features. These features can be used as input for ML models that are trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Gjorgjina Cenikj , Gašper Petelin , Carola Doerr , Peter Korošec , Tome Eftimov

Benchmarking is essential for developing and evaluating black-box optimization algorithms, providing a structured means to analyze their search behavior. Its effectiveness relies on carefully selected problem sets used for evaluation. To…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Iván Olarte Rodríguez , Maria Laura Santoni , Fabian Duddeck , Carola Doerr , Thomas Bäck , Elena Raponi

Student-$t$ processes have recently been proposed as an appealing alternative non-parameteric function prior. They feature enhanced flexibility and predictive variance. In this work the use of Student-$t$ processes are explored for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-02 Joachim van der Herten , Ivo Couckuyt , Tom Dhaene

When developing and analyzing new hyperparameter optimization methods, it is vital to empirically evaluate and compare them on well-curated benchmark suites. In this work, we propose a new set of challenging and relevant benchmark problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Florian Pfisterer , Lennart Schneider , Julia Moosbauer , Martin Binder , Bernd Bischl