Related papers: A cascade electronic refrigerator using supercondu…
The design and operation of an electronic cooler based on a combination of superconducting tunnel junctions is described. The cascade extraction of hot-quasiparticles, which stems from the energy gaps of two different superconductors,…
In a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction refrigerator, the normal-metal electrons are cooled and the dissipated power heats the superconducting electrode. This paper presents a review of the mechanisms by which heat…
We consider a model NISIN system with two junctions in series, where N is a normal metal, S is a superconductor and I is an insulator. We assume that the resistance of the first junction is high, while the resistance of the second one is…
We demonstrate highly transparent silicon-vanadium and silicon-aluminum tunnel junctions with relatively low sub-gap leakage current and discuss how a trade-off typically encountered between transparency and leakage affects their…
We have successfully fabricated micron-scale Cu-AlO$_{x} $-Al-NbN normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction devices, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for NbN film growth, and electron-beam lithography and shadow…
Heat management and refrigeration are key concepts for nanoscale devices operating at cryogenic temperatures. The design of an on-chip mesoscopic refrigerator that works thanks to the input heat is presented, thus realizing a solid state…
Replacing the bulky cryoliquid-based cooling stages of cryoenabled instruments by chip-scale refrigeration is envisioned to disruptively reduce the system size similar to microprocessors did for computers. Electronic refrigerators based on…
We investigate heat and charge transport in NN'IS tunnel junctions in the diffusive limit. Here N and S are massive normal and superconducting electrodes (reservoirs), N' is a normal metal strip, and I is an insulator. The flow of electric…
The qualities of electron refrigeration by means of tunnel junctions between superconducting and normal--metal electrodes are studied theoretically. A suitable approximation of the basic expression for the heat current across those tunnel…
When biased at a voltage just below a superconductor's energy gap, a tunnel junction between this superconductor and a normal metal cools the latter. While the study of such devices has long been focussed to structures of submicron size and…
Quantum technology promises revolutionizing applications in information processing, communications, sensing, and modelling. However, efficient on-demand cooling of the functional quantum degrees of freedom remains a major challenge in many…
We propose a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling through a single normal-metal--insulator--superconductor (NIS) junction. In contrast to previous works with multiple junctions and an…
We study theoretically a process of cooling electrons using a superconducting tunnel junction with a $\pi$ phase difference and a usual insulator or a ferroelectric in-between, and an array of such junctions with ferroelectric layers…
We investigate heat and charge transport through a diffusive SIF1F2N tunnel junction, where N (S) is a normal (superconducting) electrode, I is an insulator layer and F1,2 are two ferromagnets with arbitrary direction of magnetization. The…
We have investigated the effect of a difference in the tunnelling resistances of the individual normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions in a double junction SINIS device, with particular emphasis on the impact on the…
We discuss the theoretical framework to describe quasiparticle electric and heat currents in NIS tunnel junctions in the dirty limit. The approach is based on quasiclassical Keldysh-Usadel equations. We apply this theory to diffusive NIS'S…
The performance of hybrid superconducting electronic coolers is usually limited by the accumulation of hot quasi-particles in the superconducting leads. This issue is all the more stringent in large-scale and high-power devices, as required…
Electron tunneling between superconductors and normal metals has been used for an efficient refrigeration of electrons in the latter. Such cooling is a non-linear effect and usually requires a large voltage. Here we study the electron…
We demonstrate an original method -- based on controlled oxidation -- to create high-quality tunnel junctions between superconducting Al reservoirs and InAs semiconductor nanowires. We show clean tunnel characteristics with a current…
In a hybrid Superconductor - Insulator - Normal metal tunnel junction biased just below the gap, the extraction of hot electrons out of the normal metal results in electronic cooling effect. The quasiparticles injected in the superconductor…