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Estimating effects of spatially structured exposures is complicated by unmeasured spatial confounders, which undermine identifiability in spatial linear regression models unless structural assumptions are imposed. We develop a general…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Anik Burman , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Abhirup Datta

Scientists have been interested in estimating causal peer effects to understand how people's behaviors are affected by their network peers. However, it is well known that identification and estimation of causal peer effects are challenging…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-07 Naoki Egami , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Coarsened exact matching (CEM) is often promoted as a superior alternative to propensity score matching (PSM) for addressing imbalance, model dependence, bias, and efficiency. However, this recommendation remains uncertain. First, CEM is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Fei Wan

High-dimensional data can be useful for causal inference by providing many confounders that may bolster the plausibility of the ignorability assumption. Propensity score methods are powerful tools for causal inference, are popular in health…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Jacob Spertus , Sharon-Lise Normand

Estimating health indicators for restricted sub-populations is a recurring challenge in epidemiology and public health. When survey data are used, Small Area Estimation (SAE) methods can improve precision by borrowing strength across…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Aldo Gardini , Lorenzo Mori

Time elapsed till an event of interest is often modeled using the survival analysis methodology, which estimates a survival score based on the input features. There is a resurgence of interest in developing more accurate prediction models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Navid Seidi , Ardhendu Tripathy , Sajal K. Das

Environmental epidemiologic studies routinely utilize aggregate health outcomes to estimate effects of short-term (e.g., daily) exposures that are available at increasingly fine spatial resolutions. However, areal averages are typically…

Applications · Statistics 2023-02-07 Yuzi Zhang , Howard H. Chang , Joshua L. Warren , Stefanie T. Ebelt

Determining the sample size of an experiment can be challenging, even more so when incorporating external information via a prior distribution. Such information is increasingly used to reduce the size of the control group in randomized…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-10 Beat Neuenschwander , Sebastian Weber , Heinz Schmidli , Anthony O'Hagan

Introduction: Methods now exist to detect residual confounding. One requires an "indicator" with two key properties: conditional independence of the outcome (given exposure and measured covariates) absent confounding and other model…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-26 W. Dana Flanders , Matthew J. Strickland , Mitchel Klein

In experimental design and causal inference, it may happen that the treatment is not defined on individual experimental units, but rather on pairs or, more generally, on groups of units. For example, teachers may choose pairs of students…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-24 Panos Toulis , Alexander Volfovsky , Edoardo M. Airoldi

A key condition for obtaining reliable estimates of the causal effect of a treatment is overlap (a.k.a. positivity): the distributions of the features used to perform causal adjustment cannot be too different in the treated and control…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-14 Alexander D'Amour , Alexander Franks

Sequential recommender systems train their models based on a large amount of implicit user feedback data and may be subject to biases when users are systematically under/over-exposed to certain items. Unbiased learning based on inverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Chen Xu , Jun Xu , Xu Chen , Zhenghua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Motivated by analyzing a national data base of annual air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality rate for 3100 counties in the U.S. (areal data), we develop a novel statistical framework to automatically detect spatially varying…

Applications · Statistics 2015-11-19 Shuo Chen , Chengsheng Jiang , Lance Waller

Clinical machine learning applications are often plagued with confounders that can impact the generalizability and predictive performance of the learners. Confounding is especially problematic in remote digital health studies where the…

Estimating the causal treatment effects by subgroups is important in observational studies when the treatment effect heterogeneity may be present. Existing propensity score methods rely on a correctly specified propensity score model. Model…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-19 Yan Li , Yong-Fang Kuo , Liang Li

Confounding matters in almost all observational studies that focus on causality. In order to eliminate bias caused by connfounders, oftentimes a substantial number of features need to be collected in the analysis. In this case, large p…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Shinyuu Lee , Yuru Zhu

Environmental exposures are often defined using buffer zones around geocoded home addresses, but these static boundaries can miss dynamic daily activity patterns, leading to biased results. This paper presents a novel measurement error…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-15 Lin Ge , Ce Yang , David Zucker , Jiaxuan Li , Donna Spiegelman , Molin Wang

Subnational monitoring of public health often relies on household surveys where data are sparse at the desired spatial resolution. Small area estimation (SAE) methods address this challenge by borrowing strength across areas and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Qianyu Dong , Zehang Richard Li

We develop Bayesian nonparametric models for spatially indexed data of mixed type. Our work is motivated by challenges that occur in environmental epidemiology, where the usual presence of several confounding variables that exhibit complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-17 Georgios Papageorgiou , Sylvia Richardson , Nicky Best

A new method is proposed to explore sources of cross-site impact variance in multi-site trials of social interventions. With this approach, aggregate reports from participants in the treatment arm about the treatment experience are used to…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-03 David R. Judkins , Gabriel Durham