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The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 Sergei Fabrika , Alexander Vinokurov , Kirill Atapin

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are amongst the most intriguing of X-ray source classes. Their extreme luminosities - greater than 10^39 erg/s in the 0.3 - 10 keV band alone - suggest either the presence of black holes larger than those…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. P. Roberts

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have been puzzling us with a debate whether they consist of an intermediate mass black hole or super-Eddington accretion by a stellar mass black hole. Here we suggest that in the presence of large scale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-28 Banibrata Mukhopadhyay

We present a detailed analysis of XMM archival data of two Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1313: NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2. The spectral continuum of these sources was modeled with a soft thermal component plus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Turolla , P. Mucciarelli , L. Zampieri , R. Falomo , M. Chieregato , A. Treves

The accretion of matter by compact objects can be inhibited by radiation pressure if the luminosity exceeds the critical value, known as the Eddington limit. Discovery of ultraluminous X-ray sources has shown that accretion can proceed even…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-09 Alexandra Veledina , Fabio Muleri , Juri Poutanen , Jakub Podgorný , Michal Dovčiak , Fiamma Capitanio , Eugene Churazov , Alessandra De Rosa , Alessandro Di Marco , Sofia Forsblom , Philip Kaaret , Henric Krawczynski , Fabio La Monaca , Vladislav Loktev , Alexander A. Lutovinov , Sergey V. Molkov , Alexander A. Mushtukov , Ajay Ratheesh , Nicole Rodriguez Cavero , James F. Steiner , Rashid A. Sunyaev , Sergey S. Tsygankov , Andrzej A. Zdziarski , Stefano Bianchi , Joe S. Bright , Nikolaj Bursov , Enrico Costa , Elise Egron , Javier A. Garcia , David A. Green , Mark Gurwell , Adam Ingram , Jari J. E. Kajava , Ruta Kale , Alex Kraus , Denys Malyshev , Frédéric Marin , Giorgio Matt , Michael McCollough , Ilia A. Mereminskiy , Nikolaj Nizhelsky , Giovanni Piano , Maura Pilia , Carlotta Pittori , Ramprasad Rao , Simona Righini , Paolo Soffitta , Anton Shevchenko , Jiri Svoboda , Francesco Tombesi , Sergei Trushkin , Peter Tsybulev , Francesco Ursini , Martin C. Weisskopf , Kinwah Wu , Iván Agudo , Lucio A. Antonelli , Matteo Bachetti , Luca Baldini , Wayne H. Baumgartner , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Stephen D. Bongiorno , Raffaella Bonino , Alessandro Brez , Niccolò Bucciantini , Simone Castellano , Elisabetta Cavazzuti , Chien-Ting Chen , Stefano Ciprini , Ettore Del Monte , Laura Di Gesu , Niccolò Di Lalla , Immacolata Donnarumma , Victor Doroshenko , Steven R. Ehlert , Teruaki Enoto , Yuri Evangelista , Sergio Fabiani , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Shuichi Gunji , Kiyoshi Hayashida , Jeremy Heyl , Wataru Iwakiri , Svetlana G. Jorstad , Vladimir Karas , Fabian Kislat , Takao Kitaguchi , Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak , Luca Latronico , Ioannis Liodakis , Simone Maldera , Alberto Manfreda , Andrea Marinucci , Alan P. Marscher , Herman L. Marshall , Francesco Massaro , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Michela Negro , Chi-Yung Ng , Stephen L. O'Dell , Nicola Omodei , Chiara Oppedisano , Alessandro Papitto , George G. Pavlov , Abel L. Peirson , Matteo Perri , Melissa Pesce-Rollins , Pierre-Olivier Petrucci , Andrea Possenti , Simonetta Puccetti , Brian D. Ramsey , John Rankin , Oliver Roberts , Roger W. Romani , Carmelo Sgrò , Patrick Slane , Gloria Spandre , Doug Swartz , Toru Tamagawa , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Roberto Taverna , Yuzuru Tawara , Allyn F. Tennant , Nicholas E. Thomas , Alessio Trois , Roberto Turolla , Jacco Vink , Fei Xie , Silvia Zane

The discovery of pulsations in several Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) demonstrated that a fraction of ULXs are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars (NSs). This opened the debate as to what is the NS to black hole (BH)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 Andrés Gúrpide , Olivier Godet , Filippos Koliopanos , Natalie Webb , Jean-François Olive

In recent work with high-resolution grating spectrometers (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton Pinto et al. (2016) have discovered that two bright and archetypal ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have strong relativistic winds in agreement with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-03 C. Pinto , W. Alston , R. Soria , M. J. Middleton , D. J. Walton , A. D. Sutton , A. C. Fabian , H. Earnshaw , R. Urquhart , E. Kara , T. P. Roberts

We present some results from an archival VLA study of ultraluminous X-ray source s (ULXs). These unresolved non-nuclear X-ray sources have luminosities (L_X >= 1 0^39 ergs/sec) which may require somewhat exotic explanations, such as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Neal A. Miller , Susan G. Neff , Richard F. Mushotzky

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are point-like sources that exhibit apparent X-ray luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass compact objects. A widely accepted interpretation is that these systems are X-ray binaries…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Lucas M. Pasquevich , Gustavo E. Romero , Matías M. Reynoso

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are accreting black holes that may contain the missing population of intermediate mass black holes or reflect super-Eddington accretion physics. Ten years of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of ULXs,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Hua Feng , Roberto Soria

The luminosity range at and just below the 10^39 erg/s cut-off for defining ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is a little-explored regime. It none-the-less hosts a large number of X-ray sources, and has great potential for improving our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-03 Hannah M. Earnshaw , Timothy P. Roberts

We present 26 point-sources discovered with Chandra within 200" (~20kpc) of the center of the barred supergiant galaxy NGC 1365. The majority of these sources are high-mass X-ray binaries, containing a neutron star or a black hole accreting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Iskra V. Strateva , Stefanie Komossa

NGC 925 ULX-1 and ULX-2 are two ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925, at a distance of 8.5 Mpc. For the first time, we analyzed high quality, simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data of both sources. Although at a first glance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-18 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , S. Mereghetti , A. Wolter , G. Rodríguez , G. L. Israel , P. Esposito , S. Paiano , G. Trinchieri , P. Ochner

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are believed to be stellar mass black holes or neutron stars accreting beyond the Eddington limit. Determining the nature of the compact object and the accretion mode from broadband spectroscopy is…

Supercritical accretion onto compact objects is expected to drive optically thick winds, resulting in observed X-ray emission as a function of viewing angle. However, their optical emission, either from the outer accretion disk or companion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-13 Xiaohong Tang , Hua Feng

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent a class of binary systems that are more luminous than any black hole in our Galaxy. The nature of these objects remained unclear for a long time. The most popular models for the ULXs involve…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-07 Kirill Atapin

More than half of all low-redshift AGN exhibit UV and X-ray absorption by highly ionized gas. The observed UV and X-ray absorption lines are almost always blue-shifted at velocities of hundreds of km/s, indicating that the absorbing gas is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gerard A. Kriss

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extragalactic X-ray emitters located off-center of their host galaxy and with a luminosity in excess of a few ${10^{39}\text{ erg s}^{-1}}$, if emitted isotropically. The discovery of periodic…