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The utility of collocating robots largely depends on the easy and intuitive interaction mechanism with the human. If a robot accepts task instruction in natural language, first, it has to understand the user's intention by decoding the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Pradip Pramanick , Chayan Sarkar , Snehasis Banerjee , Brojeshwar Bhowmick

This paper focuses on AI tutors in foreign language learning, a field of application of AI tutors with great development, especially during the last years, when great advances in natural language understanding and processing in real time,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Nikolaos Avouris

Many users communicate with chatbots and AI assistants in order to help them with various tasks. A key component of the assistant is the ability to understand and answer a user's natural language questions for question-answering (QA).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Anthony Colas , Trung Bui , Franck Dernoncourt , Moumita Sinha , Doo Soon Kim

Large language model (LLM) based multi-turn dialogue systems often struggle to track dependencies across non-adjacent turns, undermining both consistency and scalability. As conversations lengthen, essential information becomes sparse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Renning Pang , Tian Lan , Leyuan Liu , Xiaoming Huang , Piao Tong , Xiaosong Zhang

Language models (LMs) are pre-trained on raw text datasets to generate text sequences token-by-token. While this approach facilitates the learning of world knowledge and reasoning, it does not explicitly optimize for linguistic competence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Maggie Mi , Nikolaos Aletras

Test-Time Learning (TTL) enables language agents to iteratively refine their performance through repeated interactions with the environment at inference time. At the core of TTL is an adaptation policy that updates the actor policy based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhanzhi Lou , Hui Chen , Yibo Li , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi

Recent advances in AudioLLMs have enabled spoken dialogue systems to move beyond turn-based interaction toward real-time full-duplex communication, where the agent must decide when to speak, yield, or interrupt while the user is still…

Video-text retrieval is a class of cross-modal representation learning problems, where the goal is to select the video which corresponds to the text query between a given text query and a pool of candidate videos. The contrastive paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Jinbin Bai , Chunhui Liu , Feiyue Ni , Haofan Wang , Mengying Hu , Xiaofeng Guo , Lele Cheng

Current conversational AI systems aim to understand a set of pre-designed requests and execute related actions, which limits them to evolve naturally and adapt based on human interactions. Motivated by how children learn their first…

Conversational tutoring systems (CTSs) offer learning experiences through interactions based on natural language. They are recognized for promoting cognitive engagement and improving learning outcomes, especially in reasoning tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Robin Schmucker , Meng Xia , Amos Azaria , Tom Mitchell

Conversational agents leveraging AI, particularly deep learning, are emerging in both academic research and real-world applications. However, these applications still face challenges, including disrespecting knowledge and facts, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junfeng Liu , Zhuocheng Mei , Kewen Peng , Ranga Raju Vatsavai

"Learning by Teaching (LbT)" helps learners deepen their understanding by explaining concepts to others, with questions playing a vital role in identifying knowledge gaps and reinforcing comprehension. However, existing systems for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tokio Uchida , Ko Watanabe , Andrew Vargo , Shoya Ishimaru , Ralph L. Rose , Ayaka Sugawara , Andreas Dengel , Koichi Kise

Translate-test is a popular technique to improve the performance of multilingual language models. This approach works by translating the input into English using an external machine translation system, and running inference over the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Julen Etxaniz , Gorka Azkune , Aitor Soroa , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Mikel Artetxe

For communication to happen successfully, a common language is required between agents to understand information communicated by one another. Inducing the emergence of a common language has been a difficult challenge to multi-agent learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yat Long Lo , Biswa Sengupta

Tuning language models for dialogue generation has been a prevalent paradigm for building capable dialogue agents. Yet, traditional tuning narrowly views dialogue generation as resembling other language generation tasks, ignoring the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jian Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jiashuo Wang , Dongding Lin , Wenjie Li , Xiao-Yong Wei

Dialog systems research has primarily been focused around two main types of applications - task-oriented dialog systems that learn to use clarification to aid in understanding a goal, and open-ended dialog systems that are expected to carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Aishwarya Padmakumar , Raymond J. Mooney

The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

End-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) has shown great success on large quantities of paired text plus speech data. However, laborious data collection remains difficult for at least 95% of the languages over the world, which hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Tao Tu , Yuan-Jui Chen , Cheng-chieh Yeh , Hung-yi Lee

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (LMs) is essential for enhancing their capabilities. Existing techniques commonly fine-tune on input-output pairs (e.g., instruction tuning) or with numerical rewards that gauge the output quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xingyao Wang , Hao Peng , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand , Heng Ji

Solving complex tasks in a single attempt is challenging for large language models (LLMs). Iterative interaction with the environment and feedback is often required to achieve success, making effective feedback utilization a critical topic.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yanyang Li , Michael Lyu , Liwei Wang