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Quantum process tomography is a necessary tool for verifying quantum gates and diagnosing faults in architectures and gate design. We show that the standard approach of process tomography is grossly inaccurate in the case where the states…

Quantum operations describe any state change allowed in quantum mechanics, including the evolution of an open system or the state change due to a measurement. In this letter we present a general method based on quantum tomography for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Lo Presti

We demonstrate complete characterization of a two-qubit entangling process - a linear optics controlled-NOT gate operating with coincident detection - by quantum process tomography. We use maximum-likelihood estimation to convert the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. L. O'Brien , G. J. Pryde , A. Gilchrist , D. F. V. James , N. K. Langford , T. C. Ralph , A. G. White

Several methods, known as Quantum Process Tomography, are available to characterize the evolution of quantum systems, a task of crucial importance. However, their complexity dramatically increases with the size of the system. Here we…

Physical processes in the quantum regime possess non-classical properties of quantum mechanics. However, methods for quantitatively identifying such processes are still lacking. Accordingly, in this study, we develop a framework for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Chung-Cheng Kuo , Shih-Hsuan Chen , Wei-Ting Lee , Hung-Ming Chen , He Lu , Che-Ming Li

As the method to completely characterize quantum dynamical processes, quantum process tomography (QPT) is vitally important for quantum information processing and quantum control, where the faithfulness of quantum devices plays an essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Yu-Xiang Zhang , Shengjun Wu , Zeng-Bing Chen

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

The characterization of a quantum device is a crucial step in the development of quantum experiments. This is accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to deliver a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Francesco Di Colandrea , Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

In circuit-based quantum computing, the available gate set typically consists of single-qubit gates acting on each individual qubit and at least one entangling gate between pairs of qubits. In certain physical architectures, however, some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-23 M. Pechal , G. Salis , M. Ganzhorn , D. J. Egger , M. Werninghaus , S. Filipp

A crucial building block for quantum information processing with trapped ions is a controlled-NOT quantum gate. In this paper, two different sequences of laser pulses implementing such a gate operation are analyzed using quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-15 M. Riebe , K. Kim , P. Schindler , T. Monz , P. O. Schmidt , T. K. Koerber , W. Haensel , H. Haeffner , C. F. Roos , R. Blatt

Characterization of quantum processes is a preliminary step necessary in the development of quantum technology. The conventional method uses standard quantum process tomography, which requires $d^2$ input states and $d^4$ quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Zhibo Hou , Jun-Feng Tang , Christopher Ferrie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

As present day quantum hardware is limited by various noise mechanisms, quantum advantage can only be reached in the near-term by designing noise-resilient quantum algorithms. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Maria Dinca , David J. Luitz , Maxime Debertolis

In this paper we describe in detail and generalize a method for quantum process tomography that was presented in [A. Bendersky, F. Pastawski, J. P. Paz, Physical Review Letters 100, 190403 (2008)]. The method enables the efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ariel Bendersky , Fernando Pastawski , Juan Pablo Paz

Open quantum systems are highly relevant, both for practical applications as well as for fundamental questions about the nature of information and its transfer, encompassing for example decoherence and memory effects. Quantum mechanics…

The results of quantum process tomography on a three-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor are presented, and shown to be consistent with a detailed model of the system-plus-apparatus used for the experiments. The…

We investigate the possibility of performing quantum tomography on a single qubit with generalized partial measurements and the technique of measurement reversal. Using concepts from statistical decision theory, we prove that, somewhat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-02 G. S. Paraoanu

The resources required to characterise the dynamics of engineered quantum systems-such as quantum computers and quantum sensors-grow exponentially with system size. Here we adapt techniques from compressive sensing to exponentially reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-19 A. Shabani , R. L. Kosut , M. Mohseni , H. Rabitz , M. A. Broome , M. P. Almeida , A. Fedrizzi , A. G. White

The characterization of the evolution of a quantum system is one of the main tasks to accomplish to achieve quantum information processing. The standard quantum process tomography (SQPT) has the unique property that it can be applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-04 Wu Xiaohua

We present the results of the first photonic implementation of a new method for quantum process tomography. The method (originally presented by A. Bendersky et al, Phys. Rev. Lett 100, 190403 (2008)) enables the estimation of any element of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-25 Christian Tomás Schmiegelow , Miguel Antonio Larotonda , Juan Pablo Paz

In this report we present a general approach for estimating quantum circuits by means of measurements. We apply the developed general approach for estimating the quality of superconducting and optical quantum chips. Using the methods of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Yu. I. Bogdanov , N. A. Bogdanova , B. I. Bantysh , D. V. Fastovets , V. F. Lukichev