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We present a theory that combines the framework of irreversible thermodynamics with modified integral theorems to model arbitrarily curved and deforming membranes immersed in bulk fluid solutions. We study the coupling between the mechanics…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-29 Ahmad M. Alkadri , Kranthi K. Mandadapu

In recent years, the unified theory of information and thermodynamics has been intensively discussed in the context of stochastic thermodynamics. The unified theory reveals that information theory would be useful to understand…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-23 Sosuke Ito

For many real physico-chemical complex systems detailed mechanism includes both reversible and irreversible reactions. Such systems are typical in homogeneous combustion and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation. Most complex enzyme reactions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-01-17 A. N. Gorban , E. M. Mirkes , G. S. Yablonsky

Landauer's erasure principle exposes an intrinsic relation between thermodynamics and information theory: the erasure of information stored in a system, S, requires an amount of work proportional to the entropy of that system. This entropy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Lídia del Rio , Johan Aberg , Renato Renner , Oscar Dahlsten , Vlatko Vedral

An elementary collision model of a molecular reservoir is considered upon which an external field is applied and the work is dissipated into heat. To realize macroscopic irreversibility at the microscopic level, we introduce a ``graceful''…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lajos Diósi , Tova Feldmann , Ronnie Kosloff

We present an experiment in which a one-bit memory is constructed, using a system of a single colloidal particle trapped in a modulated double-well potential. We measure the amount of heat dissipated to erase a bit and we establish that in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-06 Antoine Bérut , Artyom Petrosyan , Sergio Ciliberto

We generalize stochastic thermodynamics to include information reservoirs. Such information reservoirs, which can be modeled as a sequence of bits, modify the second law. For example, work extraction from a system in contact with a single…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-17 Andre C. Barato , Udo Seifert

We discuss the efficiency of a heat engine operating in a nonequilibrium steady state maintained by two heat reservoirs. Within the general framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics we derive a universal upper bound on the efficiency…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-18 Artem Ryabov , Viktor Holubec

We consider the statistical irreversibility and its compatibility with the reversible dynamics. The role played by the observation is analyzed in detail. It makes our previous proof for the second law of thermodynamics clearer. On this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-24 Qi-Ren Zhang

Learning systems acquire structured internal representations from data, yet classical information-theoretic results state that deterministic transformations do not increase information. This raises a fundamental question: how can learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Daisuke Okanohara

Relativistic irreversible thermodynamics is reformulated following the conventional approach proposed by Meixner in the non-relativistic case. Clear separation between mechanical and non-mechanical energy fluxes is made. The resulting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 L. S. Garcia-Colin , A. Sandoval-Villalbazo

We provide a general formula, based on stochastic thermodynamics, that describes the flow of information between an arbitrary number of coupled complex-valued Langevin equations. This permits to describe the transfer of information in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-09 Simone Borlenghi

In this paper, we introduce a real symmetric and positive semi-definite matrix, which we call the non-equilibrium conductance matrix, and which generalizes the Onsager response matrix for a system in a non-equilibrium stationary state. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-16 Hadrien Vroylandt , David Lacoste , Gatien Verley

We study a Brownian Carnot cycle introduced by T. Schmiedl and U. Seifert [Europhys. Lett. \textbf{81}, 20003 (2008)] from a viewpoint of the linear irreversible thermodynamics. By considering the entropy production rate of this cycle, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Yuki Izumida , Koji Okuda

We present a pedagogical review of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics of information, by focusing on the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy production. Especially, we discuss the relationship among thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-12-20 Takahiro Sagawa

Modern digital electronics support remarkably reliable computing, especially given the challenge of controlling nanoscale logical components that interact in fluctuating environments. However, we demonstrate that the high-reliability limit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-07 P. M. Riechers , A. B. Boyd , G. W. Wimsatt , J. P. Crutchfield

Energy transfer and information transmission are two fundamental aspects of nature. They are seemingly unrelated, while recent findings suggest that a deep connection between them is to be discovered. This amounts to asking: Can we phrase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Chung-Yun Hsieh

Molecular machines transduce free energy between different forms throughout all living organisms. While truly machines in their own right, unlike their macroscopic counterparts molecular machines are characterized by stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-13 Matthew P. Leighton , David A. Sivak

This study aims to quantify and visualize the degradation of fidelity (information degradation) that inevitably accompanies the replication of information within the framework of information thermodynamics and to propose an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Tatsuaki Tsuruyama

We present a precise formulation of a correspondence between information and thermodynamics that was first observed by Szilard, and later studied by Landauer. The correspondence identifies available free energy with relative entropy, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Manoj Gopalkrishnan