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In this work, we consider the estimation of single mode Gaussian states using four different measurement schemes namely: i) homodyne measurement, ii) sequential measurement, iii) Arthurs-Kelly scheme, and iv) heterodyne measurement, with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Chandan Kumar , Arvind

When a quantum system is monitored in continuous time, the result of the measurement is a stochastic process. When the output process is stationary, at least in the long run, the spectrum of the process can be introduced and its properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-09 Alberto Barchielli , Matteo Gregoratti

Digital signatures guarantee the authorship of electronic communications. Currently used "classical" signature schemes rely on unproven computational assumptions for security, while quantum signatures rely only on the laws of quantum…

Homodyne detection is a phase-sensitive measurement technique, essential for the characterization of continuous-variable (CV)-encoded quantum states of light. It is a key component to the implementation of CV quantum-information protocols…

True random numbers are extracted through measurements of vacuum fluctuations in quantum state components. We propose an improved scheme utilizing an optimization-based simulation methodology to enhance the temporal resolution of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Hong Lin , Mengmeng Liu , Xiaomin Guo , Yue Luo , Qiqi Wang , Zhijie Song , Yanqiang Guo , Liantuan Xiao

We reveal that quadrature squeezing can result in significantly better quantum-estimation performance with quantum heterodyne detection (of H. P. Yuen and J. H. Shapiro) as compared to quantum homodyne detection for Gaussian states, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-19 Jaroslav Rehacek , Yong Siah Teo , Zdenek Hradil , Sascha Wallentowitz

We examine the moment-reconstruction performance of both the homodyne and heterodyne (double-homodyne) measurement schemes for arbitrary quantum states and introduce moment estimators that optimize the respective schemes for any given data.…

In this work we develop new methods for the characterisation of continuous variable quantum states using heterodyne measurement in both the trusted and untrusted settings. First, building on quantum state tomography with heterodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Ulysse Chabaud , Tom Douce , Frédéric Grosshans , Elham Kashefi , Damian Markham

We revisit the problem of quantum state reconstruction of light beams from the photocurrent quantum noise. As is well-known, but often overlooked, two longitudinal field modes contribute to each spectral component of the photocurrent…

I propose an approach to adaptive homodyne detection of digitally modulated quantum optical pulses in which the phase of the local oscillator is chosen to maximize the average information gain, i.e., the mutual information, at each step of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Igor Bargatin

We review experimental work on the measurement of the quantum state of optical fields, and the relevant theoretical background. The basic technique of optical homodyne tomography is described with particular attention paid to the role…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 M. G. Raymer , M. Beck

Measuring the power spectral density of a stochastic process, such as a stochastic force or magnetic field, is a fundamental task in many sensing applications. Quantum noise is becoming a major limiting factor to such a task in future…

We show that it is possible to use the spatial quantum correlations present in twin beams to extract information about the shape of a mask in the path of one of the beams. The scheme, based on noise measurements through homodyne detection,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 A. M. Marino , J. B. Clark , Q. Glorieux , P. D. Lett

We present an analysis of the time domain measurement of temporally resolvable quantum states using balanced homodyne detection. Our approach outlines a formalism of detecting quantum states in arbitrary temporal modes via projection of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Owen Sandner , Brendan Mackey , Yuyang Liu , Connor Kupchak , Andrew MacRae

Quantum state discrimination plays a central role in quantum information and communication. For the discrimination of optical quantum states, the two most widely adopted measurement techniques are photon detection, which produces discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 James Moran , Spiros Kechrimparis , Hyukjoon Kwon

We study the efficiency of quantum algorithms which aim at obtaining phase space distribution functions of quantum systems. Wigner and Husimi functions are considered. Different quantum algorithms are envisioned to build these functions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Terraneo , B. Georgeot , D. L. Shepelyansky

We estimate the quantum state of a light beam from results of quantum homodyne tomography noisy measurements performed on identically prepared quantum systems. We propose two Bayesian nonparametric approaches. The first approach is based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Zacharie Naulet , Eric Barat

We experimentally investigate the quantum-noise performance of a conventional heterodyne detector and find significant discrepancy between experiment and theory. Further investigations are highly recommended for deeper insight into the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-01 Dechao He , Boya Xie , Yu Xiao , Sheng Feng

We propose an experimental apparatus to reveal the quantum coherence manifested in downward quantum jumps of amplitude bistability. The underlying coherent superposition of macroscopic quantum states is translated into the statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Th. K. Mavrogordatos

Homo- and heterodyne detection are fundamental techniques for measuring propagating electromagnetic fields. However, applying these techniques to stationary fields confined in cavities poses a challenge. As a way to overcome this challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-08 Ingrid Strandberg , Axel Eriksson , Baptiste Royer , Mikael Kervinen , Simone Gasparinetti