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Related papers: SweLL on the rise: Swedish Learner Language corpus…

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This paper analyses the contribution of language metrics and, potentially, of linguistic structures, to classify French learners of English according to levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). The purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Taylor Arnold , Nicolas Ballier , Thomas Gaillat , Paula Lissòn

Controllable text simplification is a crucial assistive technique for language learning and teaching. One of the primary factors hindering its advancement is the lack of a corpus annotated with sentence difficulty levels based on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yuki Arase , Satoru Uchida , Tomoyuki Kajiwara

We present DaLAJ 1.0, a Dataset for Linguistic Acceptability Judgments for Swedish, comprising 9 596 sentences in its first version; and the initial experiment using it for the binary classification task. DaLAJ is based on the SweLL second…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Elena Volodina , Yousuf Ali Mohammed , Julia Klezl

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) guidelines describe language proficiency of learners on a scale of 6 levels. While the description of CEFR guidelines is generic across languages, the development of automated proficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Sowmya Vajjala , Taraka Rama

We introduce a comprehensive continual learning dataset and benchmark (CurlL) grounded in human developmental trajectories from ages 5-10, enabling systematic and fine-grained assessment of models' ability to progressively acquire new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Pavan Kalyan , Shubhra Mishra , Satya Lokam , Navin Goyal

Providing high-quality feedback on student assignments is crucial for student success, but it is heavily limited by time and budgetary constraints. In this work, we introduce Synthetic Educational Feedback Loops (SEFL), a synthetic data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Mike Zhang , Amalie Pernille Dilling , Léon Gondelman , Niels Erik Ruan Lyngdorf , Euan D. Lindsay , Johannes Bjerva

Although WordNet is a valuable resource because of its structured semantic networks and extensive vocabulary, its fine-grained sense distinctions can be challenging for second-language learners. To address this issue, we developed a version…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Masato Kikuchi , Masatsugu Ono , Toshioki Soga , Tetsu Tanabe , Tadachika Ozono

Corpora and web texts can become a rich language learning resource if we have a means of assessing whether they are linguistically appropriate for learners at a given proficiency level. In this paper, we aim at addressing this issue by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Ildikó Pilán , Sowmya Vajjala , Elena Volodina

We introduce UniversalCEFR, a large-scale multilingual and multidimensional dataset of texts annotated with CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference) levels in 13 languages. To enable open research in automated readability and language…

Text simplification is crucial for improving accessibility and comprehension for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. This study goes a step further and aims to facilitate ESL learners' language acquisition by simplification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Guanlin Li , Yuki Arase , Noel Crespi

The evaluation of English text embeddings has transitioned from evaluating a handful of datasets to broad coverage across many tasks through benchmarks such as MTEB. However, this is not the case for multilingual text embeddings due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Niklas Muennighoff , Kristoffer Laigaard Nielbo

Progress in long-context reasoning for large language models (LLMs) has lagged behind other recent advances. This gap arises not only from the intrinsic difficulty of processing long texts, but also from the scarcity of reliable human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ziyi Yang , Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Ruijun Chen , Fanqi Wan , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Fei Huang

This paper presents the hitherto largest pretraining dataset for the Scandinavian languages: the Scandinavian WEb (SWEb), comprising over one trillion tokens. The paper details the collection and processing pipeline, and introduces a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tobias Norlund , Tim Isbister , Amaru Cuba Gyllensten , Paul Dos Santos , Danila Petrelli , Ariel Ekgren , Magnus Sahlgren

Even though SRL is researched for many languages, major improvements have mostly been obtained for English, for which more resources are available. In fact, existing multilingual SRL datasets contain disparate annotation styles or come from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Angel Daza , Anette Frank

While the capacity to self-regulate has been found to be crucial for secondary school students, prior studies often rely on self-report surveys and think-aloud protocols that present notable limitations in capturing self-regulated learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yixin Cheng , Rui Guan , Tongguang Li , Mladen Raković , Xinyu Li , Yizhou Fan , Flora Jin , Yi-Shan Tsai , Dragan Gašević , Zachari Swiecki

Using NLP to analyze authentic learner language helps to build automated assessment and feedback tools. It also offers new and extensive insights into the development of second language production. However, there is a lack of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kais Allkivi

Despite the rapid advancements in LLM agents, they still face the challenge of generating meaningful reflections due to inadequate error analysis and a reliance on rare successful trajectories, especially in complex tasks. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yubin Ge , Salvatore Romeo , Jason Cai , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

Sign Language Representation Learning (SLRL) is crucial for a range of sign language-related downstream tasks such as Sign Language Translation (SLT) and Sign Language Retrieval (SLRet). Recently, many gloss-based and gloss-free SLRL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zhigang Chen , Benjia Zhou , Yiqing Huang , Jun Wan , Yibo Hu , Hailin Shi , Yanyan Liang , Zhen Lei , Du Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence, offering profound opportunities for educational applications. However, their ability to provide fine-grained educational feedback for K-12 English writing remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jingheng Ye , Shen Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Hebin Wang , Deqing Zou , Yanyu Zhu , Jiwei Tang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ruitong Liu , Haoyang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Qingsong Wen

Spoken Language Assessment (SLA) estimates a learner's oral proficiency from spontaneous speech. The growing population of L2 English speakers has intensified the demand for reliable SLA, a critical component of Computer Assisted Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hong-Yun Lin , Jhen-Ke Lin , Chung-Chun Wang , Hao-Chien Lu , Berlin Chen
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