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Much of human knowledge sits in large databases of unstructured text. Leveraging this knowledge requires algorithms that extract and record metadata on unstructured text documents. Assigning topics to documents will enable intelligent…

The rise of multi-paradigm languages challenges traditional classification methods, leading to practical software engineering issues like interoperability defects. This systematic literature review (SLR) maps the formal foundations of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mikel Vandeloise

Code-switching (CS) poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its comprehensibility remains underexplored in LLMs. We introduce CS-Sum, to evaluate the comprehensibility of CS by the LLMs through CS dialogue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sathya Krishnan Suresh , Tanmay Surana , Lim Zhi Hao , Eng Siong Chng

We tackle the problem of attributed graph transformations and propose a new algorithmic approach for defining parallel graph transformations allowing overlaps. We start by introducing some abstract operations over graph structures. Then, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Thierry Boy de la Tour , Rachid Echahed

Numerous confluence criteria for plain term rewrite systems are known. For logically constrained rewrite system, an attractive extension of term rewriting in which rules are equipped with logical constraints, much less is known. In this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jonas Schöpf , Aart Middeldorp

Legal Article Prediction (LAP) is a critical task in legal text classification, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically predict relevant legal articles based on the fact descriptions of cases. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiao Chi , Wenlin Zhong , Yiquan Wu , Wei Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Minghui Xiong

We consider the problem of the unification modulo an equational theory ACh, which consists of a function symbol $h$ that is homomorphic over an associative-commutative operator $+$. Since the unification modulo ACh theory is undecidable, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Ajay Kumar Eeralla , Christopher Lynch

In this paper we present a finite element method for the direct transcription of constrained non-linear optimal control problems. We prove that our method converges of high order under mild assumptions. Our analysis uses a regularized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Martin Peter Neuenhofen

We report on the automation of a technique to prove the correctness of program transformations in higher-order program calculi which may permit recursive let-bindings as they occur in functional programming languages. A program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-25 David Sabel

We introduce LAM, a subsystem of IMALL2 with restricted additive rules able to manage duplication linearly, called linear additive rules. LAM is presented as the type assignment system for a calculus endowed with copy constructors, which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Gianluca Curzi

Topic modeling is a fundamental task in natural language processing, allowing the discovery of latent thematic structures in text corpora. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in topic discovery, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiaohao Yang , He Zhao , Weijie Xu , Yuanyuan Qi , Jueqing Lu , Dinh Phung , Lan Du

The exponential growth of unstructured text data presents a fundamental challenge in modern data management and information retrieval. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 William Brach , Kristián Košťál , Michal Ries

Evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly critical, yet standard benchmarking methods rely on average accuracy, overlooking both the inherent stochasticity of LLM outputs and the heterogeneity of benchmark items. Item…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Xinhao Qu , Qiang Heng , Hao Zeng , Xiaoqian Liu

All known structural extensions of the substructural logic $\mathsf{FL_e}$, Full Lambek calculus with exchange/commutativity, (corresponding to subvarieties of commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by $\{\vee, \cdot, 1\}$-equations)…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-10-04 Nikolaos Galatos , Gavin St. John

The present paper deals with the discrete inverse problem of reconstructing binary matrices from their row and column sums under additional constraints on the number and pattern of entries in specified minors. While the classical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-22 Andreas Alpers , Peter Gritzmann

We present REMARK-LLM, a novel efficient, and robust watermarking framework designed for texts generated by large language models (LLMs). Synthesizing human-like content using LLMs necessitates vast computational resources and extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ruisi Zhang , Shehzeen Samarah Hussain , Paarth Neekhara , Farinaz Koushanfar

Logics with team semantics provide alternative means for logical characterization of complexity classes. Both dependence and independence logic are known to capture non-deterministic polynomial time, and the frontiers of tractability in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Miika Hannula , Lauri Hella

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has provided unprecedented capabilities for analyzing unstructured text data. However, deploying these models as reliable, robust, and scalable classifiers in production environments presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Doohee You , Andy Parisi , Zach Vander Velden , Lara Dantas Inojosa

This paper addresses biquadratic polynomial programming (BPP), an NP-hard optimization problem closely related to biquadratic tensors. We first establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for the positive semi-definiteness and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Haibin Chen , Yixuan Chen , Liqun Qi

The paper advocates for LLMs to enhance the accessibility, usage and explainability of rule-based legal systems, contributing to a democratic and stakeholder-oriented view of legal technology. A methodology is developed to explore the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Marco Billi , Alessandro Parenti , Giuseppe Pisano , Marco Sanchi