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The fluctuation theorems, and in particular, the Jarzynski equality, are the most important pillars of modern non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We extend the quantum Jarzynski equality together with the Two-Time Measurement Formalism…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-01 Anthony Bartolotta , Sebastian Deffner

The Jarzynski equality (JE), which relates works of non-equilibrium trajectories to the free energy difference of the initial and final states of the non-equilibrium process, provides an efficient way to calculate free energies of systems…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-04-20 Biao Wan , Cheng Yang , Yanting Wang , Xin Zhou

Using methods of phenomenological non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the proof is performed that Jarzynski's equality is only valid in the reversible limit and that a conclusion to non-equilibrium inequalities concerning free energy and work…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-02 Wolfgang Muschik

It has been shown recently that the Jarzynski equality is generalized under nonequilibrium feedback control [T. Sagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 104}, 090602 (2010)]. The presence of feedback control in physical systems should…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-29 M. Ponmurugan

The Jarzynski Equality is a well-known and widely used identity, relating the free energy difference between two states of a system to the work done over some arbitrary, nonequilibrium transformation between the two states. Despite being…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-18 Stuart J. Davie , Owen G. Jepps , Lamberto Rondoni , James C. Reid , Debra J. Searles

The Jarzynski relation is a recently discovered result relating the average exponential of the work done under nonequilibrium conditions to an equilibrium free energy difference. We illustrate this remarkable relation by considering the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rhonald C. Lua

We investigate the connection between recent results in quantum thermodynamics and fluctuation relations by adopting a fully quantum mechanical description of thermodynamics. By including a work system whose energy is allowed to fluctuate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-27 Álvaro M. Alhambra , Lluis Masanes , Jonathan Oppenheim , Christopher Perry

We present a generalization of Jarzynski's Equality, applicable to quantum systems, relating discretized mechanical work and free-energy changes. The theory is based on a step-wise pulling protocol. We find that work distribution functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Van A. Ngo , Stephan Haas

Estimating free-energy differences using nonequilibrium work relations, such as the Jarzynski equality, is hindered by poor convergence when work fluctuations are large. For systems governed by overdamped Langevin dynamics, we propose the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-14 Stephen Whitelam

Jarzynski equality and related fluctuation theorems can be formulated for various setups. Such an equality was recently derived for nonunitary quantum evolutions described by unital quantum operations, i.e., for completely positive,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-24 Alexey E. Rastegin , Karol Życzkowski

When a thermally isolated system performs a driving process in the quasistatic regime, its variation of average energy is equal to its quasistatic work. Even though presenting this simple definition, few attempts have been made to describe…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-17 Pierre Nazé

The Jarzynski equality is one of the most influential results in the field of non equilibrium statistical mechanics. This celebrated equality allows to calculate equilibrium free energy differences from work distributions of nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-13 Shahaf Asban , Saar Rahav

We give a quantum version of the Jarzynski relation between the distribution of work done over a certain time-interval on a system and the difference of equilibrium free energies. The main new ingredient is the identification of work…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-26 Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

We prove the Jarzynski relation for general stochastic processes including non-Markovian systems with memory. The only requirement for our proof is the existence of a stationary state, therefore excluding non-ergodic systems. We then show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-27 Thomas Speck , Udo Seifert

The nonequilibrium fluctuation relation is a cornerstone of quantum thermodynamics. It is widely believed that the system-bath heat exchange obeys the famous Jarzynski-W\'{o}jcik fluctuation theorem. However, this theorem is established in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Wei Wu , Jun-Hong An

The validity of the Jarzynski equation for a very simple, exactly solvable quantum system is analyzed. The implications of two different definitions of work proposed in the literature are investigated. The first one derives from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Engel , R. Nolte

The computation of free energy differences through an exponential weighting of out of equilibrium paths (known as the Jarzynski equality) is often used for transitions between states described by an external parameter $\lambda$ in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 Tony Lelievre , Mathias Rousset , Gabriel Stoltz

One particle in a classical perfect gas is driven out of equilibrium by changing its mass over a short time interval. The work done on the driven particle depends on its collisions with the other particles in the gas. This model thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-22 T. G. Philbin , J. Anders

Fluctuation theorems, such as the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation, are effective tools connecting non-equilibrium work statistics and equilibrium free energy differences. However, detailed hands-on, reproducible protocols for…

We derive exact fluctuation equalities for open systems that recover free energy differences between two equilibrium endpoints connected by nonequilibrium processes with arbitrary dynamics and coupling. The exponential of the free energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-15 Mohammad Rahbar , Christopher J. Stein