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Contextuality is a fundamental property of quantum theory and a critical resource for quantum computation. Here, we experimentally observe the arguably cleanest form of contextuality in quantum theory [A. Cabello \emph{et al.}, Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-24 Breno Marques , Johan Ahrens , Mohamed Nawareg , Adan Cabello , Mohamed Bourennane

Contextuality, a key resource for quantum advantage, describes systems in which the outcome of a measurement is not independent of other compatible measurements, in contrast to classical hidden-variable descriptions. We investigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Caroline Lima , María Rosa Preciado-Rivas , Sanchit Srivastava

We present a complete reasoning principle for contextual equivalence in an untyped probabilistic language. The language includes continuous (real-valued) random variables, conditionals, and scoring. It also includes recursion, since the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Mitchell Wand , Ryan Culpepper , Theophilos Giannakopoulos , Andrew Cobb

This paper provides a bundle perspective to contextuality by introducing new categories of contextuality scenarios based on bundles of simplicial complexes and simplicial sets. The former approach generalizes earlier work on the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Rui Soares Barbosa , Aziz Kharoof , Cihan Okay

Causality is one of the most fundamental notions in physics. Generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and the process matrix framework incorporate it in different forms. However, a direct connection between these frameworks remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Yiying Chen , Peidong Wang , Zizhu Wang

Contextuality is a central feature distinguishing quantum from classical probability theories, but its operational meaning is often stated only qualitatively. In this Letter, we study a simple information-theoretic question: how much…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Song-Ju Kim

A generalisation of quantum contextuality to the case of many indentical particles is presented. The model consists of a finite collection of modes that can be occupied by N particles, either bosons or fermions. Measurement scenarios allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Pawel Kurzynski

We present a detailed motivation for and definition of the contextual values of an observable, which were introduced by Dressel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 240401 (2010)]. The theory of contextual values extends the well-established theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-29 J. Dressel , A. N. Jordan

Contextuality is a foundational phenomenon underlying key differences between quantum theory and classical realistic descriptions of the world. Here we propose an experimental test which is capable of revealing contextuality in all qutrit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-23 Jayne Thompson , Robert Pisarczyk , Pawel Kurzynski , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

Contextuality is the leading notion of nonclassicality for a single system. However, an experimental demonstration requires finding procedures that are operationally equivalent, which might seem impossible to achieve exactly. Here I focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Matthew F. Pusey

Quantum cognition often explains order effects, contextuality, and violations of the law of total probability by replacing classical probability with quantum probability on a fixed event structure. This paper proposes a different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Song-Ju Kim

This work studies the class of algorithms for learning with side-information that emerge by extending generative models with embedded context-related variables. Using finite mixture models (FMM) as the prototypical Bayesian network, we show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-17 Serafeim Perdikis , Robert Leeb , Ricardo Chavarriaga , José del R. Millán

We present a mathematical framework (referred to as Context-driven Actualization of Potential, or CAP) for describing how entities change over time under the influence of a context. The approach facilitates comparison of change of state of…

General Physics · Physics 2019-07-09 Liane Gabora , Diederik Aerts

Classical chaos is marked by an extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, where infinitesimally close trajectories separate exponentially over time. In quantum mechanics, however, unitary evolution and the uncertainty principle preclude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Sanchit Srivastava , Shohini Ghose

We develop an approach to combining contextuality with causality, which is general enough to cover causal background structure, adaptive measurement-based quantum computation, and causal networks. The key idea is to view contextuality as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Samson Abramsky , Rui Soares Barbosa , Amy Searle

Causal systems often exhibit variations of the underlying causal mechanisms between the variables of the system. Often, these changes are driven by different environments or internal states in which the system operates, and we refer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Wiebke Günther , Oana-Iuliana Popescu , Martin Rabel , Urmi Ninad , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

Contextuality is considered as one of the most distinctive features of nonclassical systems. Here, we show that a Spekkens contextual system (which previous work has shown is a necessary condition for nonclassicality) formed of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Enrico Bozzetto , Jonte R. Hance

In this work we discuss a formal way of dealing with properties of contextual systems. Our approach is to assume that properties describing the same physical quantity, but belonging to different measurement contexts, are indistinguishable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-24 José Acacio de Barros , Federico Holik , Décio Krause

The composite particle duality extends the notions of both flux attachment and statistical transmutation in spacetime dimensions beyond 2+1D. It constitutes an exact correspondence that can be understood either as a theoretical framework or…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-29 Gerard Valentí-Rojas , Joel Priestley , Patrik Öhberg

Quantum contextuality refers to the impossibility of assigning a predefined, intrinsic value to a physical property of a system independently of the context in which the property is measured. It is, perhaps, the most fundamental feature of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-18 M. Fabbrichesi , R. Floreanini , E. Gabrielli , L. Marzola