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According to the canonical planet formation theory, planets form "in-situ" within a planetesimal disk via runaway and oligarchic growth. This theory, however, cannot naturally account for the formation timescale of ice giants or the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-29 Tenri Jinno , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Yoko Funato , Junichiro Makino

In this paper, the evolution of exoplanet orbits at the late stages of stellar evolution is studied by the method of population synthesis. The evolution of stars is traced from the Main Sequence stage to the white dwarf stage. The MESA…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-25 A. S. Andriushin , S. B. Popov

Although dust constitutes only about 1% of the mass of a protoplanetary disk, recent studies demonstrate that it can exert a significant torque on low- and intermediate-mass planetary cores. We compute and quantify for the first time the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-16 Octavio M. Guilera , Pablo Benitez-Llambay , Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami , Martin E. Pessah

Substantial orbital migration of massive planets may occur in most extrasolar planetary systems. Since migration is likely to occur after a significant fraction of the dust has been locked up into planetesimals, ubiquitous migration could…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Philip J. Armitage

We use the moving-mesh code AREPO to investigate the effects of different levels of rotation and turbulence on the fragmentation of primordial gas and the formation of Population III stars. We consider 9 different combinations of turbulence…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-12 Katharina M. J. Wollenberg , Simon C. O. Glover , Paul C. Clark , Ralf S. Klessen

We aim to develop a simple prescription for migration and accretion in 1D disc models, calibrated with results of 3D hydrodynamic simulations. Our focus lies on non-self-gravitating discs, but we also discuss to what degree our prescription…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-28 Oliver Schib , Christoph Mordasini , Ravit Helled

Massive cores of the giant planets are thought to have formed in a gas disk by accretion of pebble-size particles whose accretional cross-section is enhanced by aerodynamic gas drag [1][2]. A commonly held view is that the terrestrial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-24 M. Brož , O. Chrenko , D. Nesvorný , N. Dauphas

We carry out 2-D high resolution numerical simulations of type I planet migration with different disk viscosities. We find that the planet migration is strongly dependent on disk viscosities. Two kinds of density wave damping mechanisms are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Cong Yu , Hui Li , Shengtai Li , S. H. Lubow , D. N. C. Lin

Gap formation in a gas disk triggered by disk-planet tidal interaction is considered. Density waves launched by the planet are assumed to be damped as a result of their nonlinear evolution leading to shock formation and its subsequent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Roman Rafikov

In this paper we analyse giant gap-opening planet migration in protoplanetary discs, focusing on the type II migration regime. According to standard type II theory, planets migrate at the same rate as the gas in the disc, as they are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Chiara E. Scardoni , Giovanni P. Rosotti , Giuseppe Lodato , Cathie J. Clarke

Waves reflected by the inner edge of a protoplanetary disk are shown to significantly modify Type I migration, even allowing the trapping of planets near the inner disk edge for small planets in a range of disk parameters. This may inform…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-25 David Tsang

Using 2D MHD numerical simulations performed with two different finite difference Eulerian codes, we analyze the effect that a toroidal magnetic field has on low mass planet migration in nonturbulent protoplanetary discs. The presence of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sebastien Fromang , Caroline Terquem , Richard P. Nelson

The disk instability model is a promising pathway for giant planet formation in various conditions. At the moment, population synthesis models are used to investigate the outcomes of this theory, where a key ingredient of the disk…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Yoav Matzkevich , Christian Reinhardt , Thomas Meier , Joachim Stadel , Ravit Helled

The late-stage formation of giant planetary systems is rich in interesting dynamical mechanisms. Previous simulations of three giant planets initially on quasi-circular and quasi-coplanar orbits in the gas disc have shown that highly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Anne-Sophie Libert , Sotiris Sotiriadis , Kyriaki I. Antoniadou

We review the problem of the formation of terrestrial planets, with particular emphasis on the interaction of dynamical and geochemical models. The lifetime of gas around stars in the process of formation is limited to a few million years…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Jonathan I. Lunine , David P. O'Brien , Sean N. Raymond , Alessandro Morbidelli , Thomas Quinn , Amara Graps

Planet formation occurs over a few Myr within protoplanetary discs of dust and gas, which are often assumed to evolve in isolation. However, extended gaseous structures have been uncovered around many protoplanetary discs, suggestive of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-09 Andrew J. Winter , Myriam Benisty , Sean M. Andrews

Giant planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) can create annulus density gaps around their orbits in the type-II regime, potentially responsible for the ubiquity of annular substructures observed in PPDs. Despite of substantial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Yuhiko Aoyama , Xuening Bai

[Abridged] The migration of low mass planets has been studied in hydrodynamical disc models for more than three decades, but the impact of a magnetic field in the protoplanetary disc is less known. When the disc's magnetic field is strong…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-19 Jerome Guilet , Clement Baruteau , John C. B. Papaloizou

The simulation of gravitational wave source populations and their progenitors is an endeavor more than eighty years in the making. This is in part due to a wide variety of theoretical uncertainties that must be taken into account when…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-14 Katelyn Breivik

We revisit the population synthesis of isolated radio-pulsars incorporating recent advances on the evolution of the magnetic field and the angle between the magnetic and rotational axes from new simulations of the magneto-thermal evolution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-06-27 Miguel Gullón , Juan A. Miralles , Daniele Viganò , José A. Pons