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In a previous work, we gave a metric on the class of semibinary tree-sibling time consistent phylogenetic networks that is computable in polynomial time; in particular, the problem of deciding if two networks of this kind are isomorphic is…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-02-27 Gabriel Cardona , Merce Llabres , Francesc Rossello , Gabriel Valiente

Consider a configuration of pebbles on the vertices of a connected graph. A pebbling move is to remove two pebbles from a vertex and to place one pebble at the neighbouring vertex of the vertex from which the pebbles are removed. For a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-01 I. Dhivviyanandam , A. Lourdusamy , S. Kither Iammal , K. Christy Rani

We study the crossing-minimization problem in a layered graph drawing of planar-embedded rooted trees whose leaves have a given total order on the first layer, which adheres to the embedding of each individual tree. The task is then to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Julia Katheder , Stephen G. Kobourov , Axel Kuckuk , Maximilian Pfister , Johannes Zink

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. A function $\phi:V\rightarrow \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$ is called a configuration of pebbles on the vertices of $G$ and the quantity $\sum_{u\in V}\phi(u)$ is called the size of $\phi$ which is just the total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Saeid Alikhani , Fatemeh Aghaei

We study the approximability of a number of graph problems: treewidth and pathwidth of graphs, one-shot black (and black-white) pebbling costs of directed acyclic graphs, and a variety of different graph layout problems such as minimum cut…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-09-23 Per Austrin , Toniann Pitassi , Yu Wu

A pebbling move on a graph $G$ consists of taking two pebbles off one vertex and placing one on an adjacent vertex. The pebbling number of a graph $G$, denoted by $f(G)$, is the least integer $n$ such that, however $n$ pebbles are located…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Zheng-Jiang Xia , Yong-Liang Pan , Jun-Ming Xu , Xi-Ming Cheng

This paper explores the application of Hurlbert's Linear Optimization Technique to determine bounds on pebbling numbers. By applying Hurlbert's weight functions and optimization methods, we derive upper bounds for specific graph families.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Lingwen Li

The burning number of a graph $G$ is the smallest number $b$ such that the vertices of $G$ can be covered by balls of radii $0, 1, \dots, b-1$. As computing the burning number of a graph is known to be NP-hard, even on trees, it is natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Anders Martinsson

Given a configuration of pebbles on the vertices of a graph $G$, a pebbling move removes two pebbles from a vertex and puts one pebble on an adjacent vertex. The pebbling number of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of pebbles required such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Marshall Yang , Carl Yerger , Runtian Zhou

The proper thinness of a graph is an invariant that generalizes the concept of a proper interval graph. Every graph has a numerical value of proper thinness and the graphs with proper thinness~1 are exactly the proper interval graphs. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Ignacio Maqueda , Nina Pardal

Cayley's formula states that there are $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees in the complete graph on $n$ vertices; it has been proved in more than a dozen different ways over its 150 year history. The complete graphs are a special case of threshold…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Stephen R. Chestnut , Donniell E. Fishkind

Spanning trees of complete bipartite graphs exhibit a rich interaction between degree sequences and graph structure. In this paper, we obtain lower bounds on the number of isomorphism classes of spanning trees in $K_{a,b}, 2 \leq a \leq b$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Peter Johnson , Shayne Nochumson

In a graph $G$, we define a set of vertices to be a \emph{strong hub set} if for any two vertices in $G$, we can find a path between them whose internal vertices are all in this set. We define the \emph{strong hub cover pebbling number} of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Runze Wang

Graph burning is a simple model for the spread of social influence in networks. The objective is to measure how quickly a fire (e.g., a piece of fake news) can be spread in a network. The burning process takes place in discrete rounds. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Shahin Kamali , Avery Miller , Kenny Zhang

Suppose that pebbles are distributed on the vertices of a graph G. A pebbling step along an edge uv removes two pebbles from u and places one pebble on v. We introduce two new graph parameters: stack(G): the least integer t such that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Tamás Csernák , Lajos Soukup

The Tree Evaluation Problem was introduced by Cook et al. in 2010 as a candidate for separating P from L and NL. The most general space lower bounds known for the Tree Evaluation Problem require a semantic restriction on the branching…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-05 David Liu

We investigate the tractability of a simple fusion of two fundamental structures on graphs, a spanning tree and a perfect matching. Specifically, we consider the following problem: given an edge-weighted graph, find a minimum-weight…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Kristóf Bérczi , Tamás Király , Yusuke Kobayashi , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Yu Yokoi

We consider the well-studied problem of finding a spanning tree with minimum average distance between vertex pairs (called a MAD tree). This is a classic network design problem which is known to be NP-hard. While approximation algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tom-Lukas Breitkopf , Vincent Froese , Anton Herrmann , André Nichterlein , Camille Richer

We identify a sufficient condition, treewidth-pliability, that gives a polynomial-time algorithm for an arbitrarily good approximation of the optimal value in a large class of Max-2-CSPs parameterised by the class of allowed constraint…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Miguel Romero , Marcin Wrochna , Stanislav Živný

Inspired by artistic practices such as beadwork and himmeli, we study the problem of threading a single string through a set of tubes, so that pulling the string forms a desired graph. More precisely, given a connected graph (where edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Erik D. Demaine , Yael Kirkpatrick , Rebecca Lin