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Effective power flow modeling critically affects the ability to efficiently solve large-scale grid optimization problems, especially those with topology-related decision variables. In this work, we put forth a generative modeling approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Young-ho Cho , Hao Zhu

The AC power flow equations are fundamental in all aspects of power systems planning and operations. They are routinely solved using Newton-Raphson like methods. However, there is little theoretical understanding of when these algorithms…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-09 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Michael Chertkov , Steven Low

It is well known that closed-form analytical solutions for AC power flow equations do not exist in general. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional holomorphic embedding method (MDHEM) to obtain an explicit approximate analytical AC…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Chengxi Liu , Bin Wang , Xin Xu , Kai Sun , Claus Leth Bak

The Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Method (HELM) was recently introduced as a novel technique to constructively solve the power-flow equations in power grids, based on advanced complex analysis. In this paper, the theoretical foundations…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-09 Antonio Trias

This note outlines the exact solution to the power flow problem in AC electrical networks under the assumption of 'flat' or uniform voltage profiles. This solution generalises the common 'DC power flow' approach to electrical network…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Anthony B. Morton

Understanding the feasible power flow region is of central importance to power system analysis. In this paper, we propose a geometric view of the power system loadability problem. By using rectangular coordinates for complex voltages, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Y. Weng , R. Rajagopal , B. Zhang

The AC power flow equations underlie all operational aspects of power systems. They are solved routinely in operational practice using the Newton-Raphson method and its variants. These methods work well given a good initial "guess" for the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Steven Low , Michael Chertkov

This paper presents a quadratic approximation for the optimal power flow in power distributions systems. The proposed approach is based on a linearized load flow which is valid for power distribution systems including three-phase unbalanced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Alejandro Garces

High penetration of renewable energy sources and the increasing share of stochastic loads require the explicit representation of uncertainty in tools such as the optimal power flow (OPF). Current approaches follow either a linearized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Andreas Venzke , Lejla Halilbasic , Uros Markovic , Gabriela Hug , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Higher levels of renewable electricity generation increase uncertainty in power system operation. To ensure secure system operation, new tools that account for this uncertainty are required. In this paper, we formulate a chance-constrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Line Roald , Göran Andersson

Cascading failure of a power transmission system are initiated by an exogenous event that disable a set of elements (e.g., lines) followed by a sequence of interrelated failures (or more precisely, trips) of overloaded elements caused by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-21 Daniel Bienstock , Guy Grebla

Modeling power transmission networks is an important area of research with applications such as vulnerability analysis, study of cascading failures, and location of measurement devices. Graph-theoretic approaches have been widely used to…

A fundamental challenge in computer analysis of power flow is the rigorous understanding of the impact of different loading levels on the solutions of the power flow equation. This letter presents a comprehensive study of possible numerical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-06 Dan Wu , Bin Wang , Kai Sun , Le Xie

This paper presents an algorithm that solves the AC power flow problem for balanced, three-phase transmission systems at steady state. The algorithm extends the "fixed-point power flow" algorithm in the literature to include transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Liangjie Chen , John W. Simpson-Porco

Convex relaxations of the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem are essential not only for identifying the globally optimal solution but also for enabling the use of OPF formulations in Bilevel Programming and Mathematical Programs with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lucien Bobo , Andreas Venzke , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

We develop efficient algorithms for a fundamental network design problem arising in potential-based flow models, which are central to many energy transport networks (e.g., hydrogen and electricity). In contrast to classical network flow…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Max Klimm , Marc E. Pfetsch , Martin Skutella , Lea Strubberg

We consider a network-preserved model of power networks with proper algebraic constraints resulting from constant power loads. Both for the linear and the nonlinear differential algebraic model of the network, we derive explicit reduced…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Nima Monshizadeh , Claudio De Persis , Arjan J. van der Schaft , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen

The inherent nonlinearity of the power flow equations poses significant challenges in accurately modeling power systems, particularly when employing linearized approximations. Although power flow linearizations provide computational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Paprapee Buason , Sidhant Misra , Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper addresses the challenges of embedding common droop control characteristics in ac-dc power system steady-state simulation and optimization problems. We propose a smooth approximation methodology to construct differentiable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-30 Ghulam Mohy-ud-din , Rahmat Heidari , Frederik Geth , Hakan Ergun , S M Muslem Uddin

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low