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We present a combinatorial algorithm for computing exact maximum flows in directed graphs with $n$ vertices and edge capacities from $\{1,\dots,U\}$ in $n^{2+o(1)}\log U$ time, which is almost optimal in dense graphs. Our algorithm is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Aaron Bernstein , Joakim Blikstad , Thatchaphol Saranurak , Ta-Wei Tu

A vertex in a graph dominates itself and each of its adjacent vertices. The \emph{$k$-tuple domination problem}, for a fixed positive integer $k$, is to find a minimum sized vertex subset in a given graph such that every vertex is dominated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-22 María Patricia Dobson , Valeria Leoni , María Inés Lopez Pujato

We introduce a new algorithmic framework for designing dynamic graph algorithms in minor-free graphs, by exploiting the structure of such graphs and a tool called vertex sparsification, which is a way to compress large graphs into small…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Gramoz Goranci , Monika Henzinger , Pan Peng

Let $G$ be a finite undirected graph with edge set $E$. An edge set $E' \subseteq E$ is an {\em induced matching} in $G$ if the pairwise distance of the edges of $E'$ in $G$ is at least two; $E'$ is {\em dominating} in $G$ if every edge $e…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Andreas Brandstadt , Raffaele Mosca

We provide an algorithm which, with high probability, maintains a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate maximum flow on an undirected graph undergoing $m$-edge additions in amortized $m^{o(1)} \epsilon^{-3}$ time per update. To obtain this result, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jan van den Brand , Li Chen , Rasmus Kyng , Yang P. Liu , Richard Peng , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg , Sushant Sachdeva , Aaron Sidford

The k-core of a graph is its maximal subgraph with minimum degree at least k, and the core value of a vertex u is the largest k for which u is contained in the k-core of the graph. Among cohesive subgraphs, k-core and its variants have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yan S. Couto , Cristina G. Fernandes

Given a directed graph $G$, a transitive reduction $G^t$ of $G$ (first studied by Aho, Garey, Ullman [SICOMP `72]) is a minimal subgraph of $G$ that preserves the reachability relation between every two vertices in $G$. In this paper, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gramoz Goranci , Adam Karczmarz , Ali Momeni , Nikos Parotsidis

This paper presents an asynchronous distributed algorithm to manage multiple trees for peer-to-peer streaming in a flow level model. It is assumed that videos are cut into substreams, with or without source coding, to be distributed to all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-12 Ji Zhu , Bruce Hajek

Depth first search (DFS) tree is one of the most well-known data structures for designing efficient graph algorithms. Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the textbook algorithm takes $O(n+m)$ time to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Lijie Chen , Ran Duan , Ruosong Wang , Hanrui Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

Let G=(V,E) be a graph. A vertex dominates itself and all its neighbors, i.e., every vertex v in V dominates its closed neighborhood N[v]. A vertex set D in G is an efficient dominating (e.d.) set for G if for every vertex v in V, there is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Andreas Brandstädt , Arne Leitert , Dieter Rautenbach

We study graph realization problems from a distributed perspective and we study it in the node capacitated clique (NCC) model of distributed computing, recently introduced for representing peer-to-peer networks. We focus on two central…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-19 John Augustine , Keerti Choudhary , Avi Cohen , David Peleg , Sumathi Sivasubramaniam , Suman Sourav

Feature extraction is an essential task in graph analytics. These feature vectors, called graph descriptors, are used in downstream vector-space-based graph analysis models. This idea has proved fruitful in the past, with spectral-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zohair Raza Hassan , Sarwan Ali , Imdadullah Khan , Mudassir Shabbir , Waseem Abbas

For any forest $G = (V, E)$ it is possible to orient the edges $E$ so that no vertex in $V$ has out-degree greater than $1$. This paper considers the incremental edge-orientation problem, in which the edges $E$ arrive over time and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Michael A. Bender , Tsvi Kopelowitz , William Kuszmaul , Ely Porat , Clifford Stein

Kernelization studies polynomial-time preprocessing algorithms. Over the last 20 years, the most celebrated positive results of the field have been linear kernels for classical NP-hard graph problems on sparse graph classes. In this paper,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Christian Bertram , Deborah Haun , Mads Vestergaard Jensen , Tuukka Korhonen

With few exceptions (namely, algorithms for maximal matching, $2$-approximate vertex cover, and certain constant-stretch spanners), all known fully dynamic algorithms in general graphs require (amortized) $\Omega(\log n)$ update/query time.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Monika Henzinger , Pan Peng

In this chapter, we utilize dynamical systems to analyze several aspects of machine learning algorithms. As an expository contribution we demonstrate how to re-formulate a wide variety of challenges from deep neural networks, (stochastic)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Dennis Chemnitz , Maximilian Engel , Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

We study the fully dynamic maximum matching problem. In this problem, the goal is to efficiently maintain an approximate maximum matching of a graph that is subject to edge insertions and deletions. Our focus is on algorithms that maintain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Soheil Behnezhad , Alma Ghafari

We present a data structure that can maintain a simple planar graph under edge contractions in linear total time. The data structure supports adjacency queries and provides access to neighbor lists in $O(1)$ time. Moreover, it can report…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Jacob Holm , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Eva Rotenberg , Piotr Sankowski

An important part of many machine learning workflows on graphs is vertex representation learning, i.e., learning a low-dimensional vector representation for each vertex in the graph. Recently, several powerful techniques for unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Hooman Peiro Sajjad , Andrew Docherty , Yuriy Tyshetskiy

We give a simple algorithm for maintaining a $n^{o(1)}$-approximate spanner $H$ of a graph $G$ with $n$ vertices as $G$ receives edge updates by reduction to the dynamic All-Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem. Given an initially empty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Rasmus Kyng , Simon Meierhans , Gernot Zöcklein