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We present Stratified Metric Temporal Logic (SMTL), a novel formalism for specifying and verifying properties of complex cyber-physical systems that exhibit behaviors across multiple temporal and abstraction scales. SMTL extends existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Ali Baheri , Peng Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on long-form, multi-step reasoning to solve complex tasks such as mathematical problem solving and scientific question answering. Despite strong performance, existing confidence estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenjiang Mao , Anirudhh Venkat , Artem Bisliouk , Akshat Kothiyal , Sindhura Kumbakonam Subramanian , Saithej Singhu , Ivan Ruchkin

This paper presents \tdl, a typed feature-based representation language and inference system. Type definitions in \tdl\ consist of type and feature constraints over the boolean connectives. \tdl\ supports open- and closed-world reasoning…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Hans-Ulrich Krieger , Ulrich Schäfer

Achieving timing closure and design-specific optimizations in FPGA-targeted High-Level Synthesis (HLS) remains a significant challenge due to the complex interaction between architectural constraints, resource utilization, and the absence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar

Strategy synthesis typically follows an all-or-nothing paradigm, returning unrealisable whenever a specification cannot be guaranteed in an uncertain environment. In this paper, we introduce optimal LTLf synthesis, where the goal is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yujian Cao , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Shufang Zhu

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

This paper proposes a specification-guided framework for control of nonlinear systems with linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. In contrast with well-known abstraction-based methods, the proposed framework directly characterizes the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Yinan Li , Zhibing Sun , Jun Liu

Autoformalization addresses the scarcity of data for Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) by translating mathematical problems from natural language into formal statements. Efforts in recent work shift from directly prompting large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Qi Guo , Jianing Wang , Jianfei Zhang , Deyang Kong , Xiangzhou Huang , Xiangyu Xi , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Time series forecasting (TSF) is a fundamental and widely studied task, spanning methods from classical statistical approaches to modern deep learning and multimodal language modeling. Despite their effectiveness, these methods often follow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mingyue Cheng , Jiahao Wang , Daoyu Wang , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

We introduce transductive program synthesis, a new formulation of the program synthesis task that explicitly leverages test inputs during synthesis. While prior approaches to program synthesis--whether based on natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kang-il Lee , Jahyun Koo , Seunghyun Yoon , Minbeom Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Kyomin Jung

Joint logical-numerical reasoning remains a major challenge for language models, yet existing datasets rely on fixed rule sets and offer limited control over task complexity, constraining their generalizability for evaluation and training.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yiwei Liu , Yucheng Li , Xiao Li , Gong Cheng

This paper introduces a new framework for synthesizing time-varying control barrier functions (TV-CBFs) for general Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications using spatiotemporal tubes (STT). We first formulate the STT synthesis as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Ratnangshu Das , Subhodeep Choudhury , Pushpak Jagtap

We study a variant of LTLf synthesis that synthesizes adaptive strategies for achieving a multi-tier goal, consisting of multiple increasingly challenging LTLf objectives in nondeterministic planning domains. Adaptive strategies are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Gianmarco Parretti , Shufang Zhu

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are beginning to dominate the discourse around automatic code generation with natural language specifications. In contrast, the best-performing synthesizers in the domain of formal synthesis with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yixuan Li , Julian Parsert , Elizabeth Polgreen

Formal specifications play a pivotal role in accurately characterizing program behaviors and ensuring software correctness. In recent years, leveraging large language models (LLMs) for the automatic generation of program specifications has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zehan Chen , Long Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , JingJing Zhang , Ruoyu Zhou , Yulong Shen , JianFeng Ma , Lin Yang

Solving tabular math word problems (TMWPs) has become a critical role in evaluating the mathematical reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), where large-scale TMWP samples are commonly required for LLM fine-tuning. Since the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaoqiang Kang , Zimu Wang , Xiaobo Jin , Wei Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Qiufeng Wang

In this paper, we study LTLf synthesis under environment specifications for arbitrary reachability and safety properties. We consider both kinds of properties for both agent tasks and environment specifications, providing a complete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Benjamin Aminof , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Antonio Di Stasio , Hugo Francon , Sasha Rubin , Shufang Zhu

Temporal logic based synthesis approaches are often used to find trajectories that are correct-by-construction for tasks in systems with complex behavior. Some examples of such tasks include synchronization for multi-agent hybrid systems,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Sumanth Dathathri , Richard M. Murray

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

High-Level Synthesis allows hardware designers to create complex RTL designs using C/C++. The traditional HLS workflow involves iterations of C/C++ simulation for partial functional verification and HLS synthesis for coarse timing…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Rishov Sarkar , Cong Hao
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