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We develop a hybrid galaxy formation model which uses outputs from an N-body simulation to follow the merger histories (or ``merger trees'') of dark matter halos and treats baryonic processes, such as the cooling of gas within halos and…

Dark matter halo merger trees are now routinely extracted from cosmological simulations of structure formation. These trees are frequently used as inputs to semi-analytic models of galaxy formation to provide the backbone within which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Andrew J. Benson , Stefano Borgani , Gabriella De Lucia , Michael Boylan-Kolchin , Pierluigi Monaco

We investigate the evolution of dwarf galaxies using N -body/SPH simulations that incorporate their formation histories through merger trees constructed using the ex- tended Press-Schechter formalism. The simulations are computationally…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Annelies Cloet-Osselaer , Sven De Rijcke , Bert Vandenbroucke , Joeri Schroyen , Mina Koleva , Robbert Verbeke

We present a new Monte-Carlo algorithm to generate merger trees describing the formation history of dark matter halos. The algorithm is a modification of the algorithm of Cole et al (2000) used in the GALFORM semi-analytic galaxy formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hannah Parkinson , Shaun Cole , John Helly

We examine the reliability of the merger trees generated for the Monte-Carlo modeling of galaxy formation. In particular we focus on the cold gas fraction predicted from the merger trees with different assumptions on the progenitor…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Mamoru Shimizu , Tetsu Kitayama , Shin Sasaki , Yasushi Suto

We model the galaxy formation in a series of high-resolution N-body simulations using the semi-analytical approach. Unlike many earlier investigations based on semi-analytical models, we make use of the subhalos resolved in the $N$-body…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-19 X. Kang , Y. P. Jing , H. J. Mo , G. Boerner

Merger trees track the hierarchical assembly of dark matter halos across cosmic time and serve as essential inputs for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. However, conventional methods for constructing merger trees rely on ad-hoc…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-02 Tri Nguyen , Chirag Modi , Siddharth Mishra-Sharma , L. Y. Aaron Yung , Rachel S. Somerville

A method of deriving and using merging history trees of dark matter galaxy haloes directly from pure gravity N-body simulations is presented. This combines the full non-linearity of N-body simulations with the flexibility of the…

Merger trees are routinely used to follow the growth and merging history of dark matter haloes and subhaloes in simulations of cosmic structure formation. Srisawat et al. (2013) compared a wide range of merger-tree-building codes. Here we…

We introduce a novel halo/galaxy matching technique between two cosmological simulations with different resolutions, which utilizes the positions and masses of halos along their subhalo merger tree. With this tool, we conduct a study of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-19 Minyong Jung , Ji-hoon Kim , Boon Kiat Oh , Sungwook E. Hong , Jaehyun Lee , Juhan Kim

When following the growth of structure in the Universe, we propose replacing merger trees with merger graphs, in which haloes can both merge and split into separate pieces. We show that this leads to smoother mass growth and eliminates…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-11 William J. Roper , Peter A. Thomas , Chaichalit Srisawat

Although a fair amount of work has been devoted to growing Monte-Carlo merger trees which resemble those built from an N-body simulation, comparatively little effort has been invested in quantifying the caveats one necessarily encounters…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-03 D. Tweed , J. Devriendt , J. Blaizot , S. Colombi , A. Slyz

We use stripped-down versions of three semi-analytic galaxy formation models to study the influence of different assumptions about gas cooling and galaxy mergers. By running the three models on identical sets of merger trees extracted from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-07 Gabriella De Lucia , Michael Boylan-Kolchin , Andrew J. Benson , Fabio Fontanot , Pierluigi Monaco

A common approach in semi-analytic modeling of galaxy formation is to construct Monte Carlo realizations of merger histories of dark matter halos whose masses are sampled from a halo mass function. Both the mass function itself, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-22 Andrew J. Benson

We present a model to investigate the formation and evolution of cluster galaxies using cosmological N-body simulations. The N-body simulations are used to make merging history trees of dark halos. Gas cooling, star formation, supernova…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takashi Okamoto , Masahiro Nagashima

A halo merger tree forms the essential backbone of a semi-analytic model for galaxy formation and evolution. Recent studies have pointed out that extracting merger trees from numerical simulations of structure formation is non-trivial;…

According to the hierarchical model, small galaxies form first and merge together to form bigger objects. In parallel, galaxies assemble their mass through accretion from cosmic filaments. Recently, the increased spatial resolution of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-30 Benjamin L'Huillier , Francoise Combes , Benoit Semelin

Dark matter (DM) halos form hierarchically in the Universe through a series of merger events. Cosmological simulations can represent this series of mergers as a graph-like ``tree'' structure. Previous work has shown these merger trees are…

Efficiently mapping baryonic properties onto dark matter is a major challenge in astrophysics. Although semi-analytic models (SAMs) and hydrodynamical simulations have made impressive advances in reproducing galaxy observables across…

Understanding how galaxy populations emerge and evolve from the growth of dark matter structure is a central challenge in galaxy formation theory. Semi-analytic models (SAMs) provide an efficient framework to address this problem, but…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-05 Xuejie Li , Zhongxu Zhai , Xiaohu Yang , Andrew Benson , Yun Wang
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