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Precise and autonomous clocks are of fundamental interest and central importance to both foundational studies and practical applications. Here, we construct a blueprint for a quantum clock governed by time-independent interactions. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Chad Nelmes , Emanuel Schwarzhans , Tony Apollaro , Timothy Spiller , Irene D'Amico

The notion of the quantum angle is introduced. The quantum angle turns out to be a metric on the set of physical states of a quantum system. Its kinematics and dynamics is studied. The certainty principle for quantum systems is formulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Arbatsky

The theory of relativity associates a proper time with each moving object via its world line. In quantum theory however, such well-defined trajectories are forbidden. After introducing a general characterisation of quantum clocks, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Shishir Khandelwal , Maximilian P. E. Lock , Mischa P. Woods

Time in relativity theory has a status different from that adopted by standard quantum mechanics, where time is considered as a parameter measured with reference to an external absolute Newtonian frame. This status strongly restricts its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 M. Basil Altaie

The uncertainty principle is one of the characteristic properties of quantum theory, where it signals the incompatibility of two types of measurements. In this paper, we argue that measurements of time-of-arrival $T_x$ at position $x$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Mathieu Beau , Lionel Martellini

The clock synchronization problem is to determine the time difference T between two spatially separated parties. We improve on I. Chuang's quantum clock synchronization algorithm and show that it is possible to obtain T to n bits of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Chris Harrelson , Iordanis Kerenidis

The canonical answer to the question posed is "Yes." -- tacitly assuming that quantum theory and the concept of spacetime are to be unified by `quantizing' a theory of gravitation. Yet, instead, one may ponder: Could quantum mechanics arise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-03 Hans-Thomas Elze

Time is absolute in standard quantum theory and dynamical in general relativity. The combination of both theories into a theory of quantum gravity leads therefore to a "problem of time". In my essay I shall investigate those consequences…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-22 Claus Kiefer

We derive the time dilation formula for charged quantum clocks in electromagnetic fields. As a concrete example of non-inertial motion, we consider a cyclotron motion in a uniform magnetic field. Applying the time dilation formula to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-02 Takeshi Chiba , Shunichiro Kinoshita

The accuracy of the time information generated by clocks can be enhanced by allowing them to communicate with each other. Here we consider a basic scenario where a quantum clock receives a low-accuracy time signal as input and ask whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Yuxiang Yang , Lennart Baumgärtner , Ralph Silva , Renato Renner

Continuous clocks, i.e. the clocks that measure time in a continuous manner, are regarded as an essential component of sensing technology. Precision and recurrence time are two basic features of continuous clocks. In this paper, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Mehdi Ramezani , Morteza Nikaeen , Alireza Bahrampour

The problem of time operator in quantum mechanics is revisited. The unsharp measurement model for quantum time based on the dynamical system-clock interaction, is studied. Our analysis shows that the problem of the quantum time operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Belavkin , M. G. Perkins

The development of precise atomic clocks has led to many scientific and technological advances that play an increasingly important role in modern society. Shared timing information constitutes a key resource for positioning and navigation…

In this article, we discuss how to carryover gravitomagnetic clock effect from classical general relativity to quantum theory and how to calculate this effect in quantum mechanics. Our calculation is valid for semi-classical regime and can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-31 S. B. Faruque , M. M. H. Chayon , Md. Moniruzzaman

Ordinary quantum mechanics is formulated on the basis of the existence of an ideal classical clock external to the system under study. This is clearly an idealization. As emphasized originally by Salecker and Wigner and more recently by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

We investigate an optomechanical system as a model of an autonomous mechanical pendulum clock in the quantum regime, whose operation relies only on incoherent (thermal) resources. The escapement of the clock, the mechanism that translates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Matteo Brunelli , Mohammad Mehboudi , Nicolas Brunner , Patrick P. Potts

We proved that the uncertainty relation fits in with many-particle system and the equality of the relation corresponds to the thermodynamic equilibrium state, the inequality of the relation corresponds to the thermodynamic non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 You-gang Feng

We present the arguments suggesting that time is emergent in quantum gravity and discuss extensively, but without any technical detail, the many aspects that can be involved in such emergence. We refer to both the physical issues that need…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Daniele Oriti

Understanding different aspects of time is at the core of many areas in theoretical physics. Minimal models of continuous stochastic and quantum clocks have been proposed to explore fundamental limitations on the performance of timekeeping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ludmila Viotti , Marcus Huber , Rosario Fazio , Gonzalo Manzano

The paper is intended to clarify operational meaning of mass and time quantities as main characteristics of an atomic clock, which is considered a quantum oscillator in association with the de Broglie wave concept. The specification of the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anatoli Vankov