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Related papers: Multiplicative Zagreb indices of cacti

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The authors Mili$\breve{c}$evi$\acute{c}$ et al. introduced the reformulated Zagreb indices, which is a generalization of classical Zagreb indices of chemical graph theory. In the paper, we characterize the extremal properties of the first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-30 Shengjin Ji , Xia Li , Yongke Qu

The hyper Zagreb index is a kind of extensions of Zagreb index, used for predicting physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Given a graph $G= (V(G), E(G))$, the first hyper-Zagreb index is the sum of the square of edge degree over…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-08 Shaohui Wang , Wei Gao , Muhammad K. Jamil , Mohammad R. Farahani , Jia-Bao Liu

Let ${\mathcal G}_n$ be the set of class of graphs of order $n$. The first Zagreb index $M_1(G)$ is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_2(G)$ is equal to the sum of the products of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Batmend Horoldagva , Kinkar Chandra Das

Consider a graph $G$ and a real-valued function $f$ defined on the degree set of $G$. The sum of the outputs $f(d_v)$ over all vertices $v\in V(G)$ of $G$ is usually known as the vertex-degree-function indices and is denoted by $H_f(G)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Abeer M. Albalahi , Igor Z. Milovanovic , Zahid Raza , Akbar Ali , Amjad E. Hamza

An extension of the well-known Szeged index was introduced recently, named as weighted Szeged index ($\textrm{sz}(G)$). This paper is devoted to characterizing the extremal trees and graphs of this new topological invariant. In particular,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-16 Jan Bok , Boris Furtula , Nikola Jedličková , Riste Škrekovski

A connected graph $G$ is a cactus if any two of its cycles have at most one common vertex. Let $\ell_n^m$ be the set of cacti on $n$ vertices with matching number $m.$ S.C. Li and M.J. Zhang determined the unique graph with the maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Yun Shen , Lihua You , Minjie Zhang , Shuchao Li

The complementary second Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is defined as $cM_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}|(d_u(G))^2-(d_v(G))^2|$, where $d_u(G)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u$ in $G$ and $E(G)$ represents the edge set of $G$. Let $G^*$ be a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Hicham Saber , Tariq Alraqad , Akbar Ali , Abdulaziz M. Alanazi , Zahid Raza

A network can be analyzed by means of many graph theoretical parameters. In the context of networks analysis, closeness is a structural metric that evaluates a node's significance inside a network. A cactus is a connected graph in which any…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Fazal Hayat , Shou-Jun Xu

Applications in chemistry motivated mathematicians to define different topological indices for different types of graphs. The Hyper-Zagreb index (HM) is an important tool as it integrates the first and the second Zagreb indices. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Hassan Rezapour , Ramin Nasiri , Seyedahmad Mousavi

Making use of a majorization technique for a suitable class of graphs, we derive upper and lower bounds for some topological indices depending on the degree sequence over all vertices, namely the first general Zagreb index and the first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-27 Monica Bianchi , Alessandra Cornaro , José Luis Palacios , Anna Torriero

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph. The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is defined as $\sum_{u \in V} d^2(u)$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. Using the P\'{o}lya-Szeg\H{o} inequality, we in this paper present the first Zagreb…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Rao Li

A topological index is a real number which is derived from a network or a graph by mathematically that characterizes the whole of its structural properties. Recently, there are various topological indices that have been introduced in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Prosanta Sarkar , Nilanjan De , Anita Pal

Let $D=(V,A)$ be a digraphs without isolated vertices. The first Zagreb index of a digraph $D$ defined as a summation over all arcs, $M_1(D)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{uv\in A}(d^{+}_{u}+d^{-}_v)$, where $d^{+}_u$(resp. $d^{-}_u$) denotes the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Jiaxiang Yang , Hanyuan Deng

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The revised edge Szeged index of $G$ is defined as $Sz^{\ast}_{e}(G)=\sum\limits_{e=uv\in E(G)}(m_{u}(e|G)+\frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})(m_{v}(e|G)+\frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})$, where $m_{u}(e|G)$ (resp., $m_{v}(e|G)$) is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Shengjie He , Qiaozhi Geng , Rong-Xia Hao

A graph is locally irregular if the degrees of the end-vertices of every edge are distinct. An edge coloring of a graph G is locally irregular if every color induces a locally irregular subgraph of G. A colorable graph G is any graph which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

The wreath product of graphs is a graph composition inspired by the notion of wreath product of groups, with interesting connections with Geometric Group Theory and Probability. This paper is devoted to the description of some degree and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-20 Matteo Cavaleri , Alfredo Donno

The Mostar index of a connected graph \(G\) is defined as \[ Mo(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\bigl|n_u(uv)-n_v(uv)\bigr|, \] where for an edge \(e=uv\), \(n_u(e)\) denotes the number of vertices of \(G\) that are closer to \(u\) than to \(v\). In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Sunilkumar M. Hosamani

The arithmetic-geometric index is a newly proposed degree-based graph invariant in mathematical chemistry. We give a sharp upper bound on the value of this invariant for connected chemical graphs of given order and size and characterize the…

In this paper, we investigate the structural properties of trees and bipartite graphs through the lens of topological indices and combinatorial graph theory. We focus on the First and Second Hyper-Zagreb indices, $HM_1(G)$ and $HM_2(G)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Jasem Hamoud

A star edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that no path or cycle of length four is bi-colored. The star chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi^{\prime}_{s}(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ admits a star…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Behnaz Omoomi , Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi , Yasaman Yektaeian