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Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 T. C. Ralph , N. Walk

Two legitimate parties, referred to as Alice and Bob, wish to generate secret keys from the wireless channel in the presence of an eavesdropper, referred to as Eve, in order to use such keys for encryption and decryption. In general, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Nasser Aldaghri , Hessam Mahdavifar

In this paper we propose a two-way protocol of physical layer security using the method of privacy amplification against eavesdroppers. First we justify our proposed protocol by analyzing the physical layer security provided by the classic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Masahito Hayashi , Angeles Vazquez-Castro

When the 4-state or the 6-state protocol of quantum cryptography is carried out on a noisy (i.e. realistic) quantum channel, then the raw key has to be processed to reduce the information of an adversary Eve down to an arbitrarily low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 N. Gisin , S. Wolf

If Alice must communicate with Bob over a channel shared with the adversarial Eve, then Bob must be able to validate the authenticity of the message. In particular we consider the model where Alice and Eve share a discrete memoryless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Eric Graves , Paul Yu , Predrag Spasojevic

This work presents a novel method to generate secret keys shared between a legitimate node pair (Alice and Bob) to safeguard the communication between them from an unauthorized node (Eve). To this end, we exploit the {\it reciprocal carrier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Waqas Aman , Aneeqa Ijaz , M. Mahboob Ur Rahman , Dushanta Nalin K. Jayakody , Haris Pervaiz

The security of prepare-and-measure satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD), under restricted eavesdropping scenarios, is addressed. We particularly consider cases where the eavesdropper, Eve, has limited access to the transmitted…

Quantum key distribution protocols based on equiangular spherical codes are introduced and their behavior under the intercept/resend attack investigated. Such protocols offer a greater range of secure noise tolerance and speed options than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 Joseph M. Renes

We introduce a quantum key distribution protocol designed to expose fake users that connect to Alice or Bob for the purpose of monopolising the link and denying service. It inherently resists attempts to exhaust Alice and Bob's initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Alasdair B. Price , John G. Rarity , Chris Erven

Alice communicates with words drawn uniformly amongst $\{\ket{j}\}_{j=1..n}$, the canonical orthonormal basis. Sometimes however Alice interleaves quantum decoys $\{\frac{\ket{j}+i\ket{k}}{\sqrt{2}}\}$ between her messages. Such pairwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pablo Arrighi

A transmitter Alice may wish to reliably transmit a message to a receiver Bob over a binary symmetric channel (BSC), while simultaneously ensuring that her transmission is deniable from an eavesdropper Willie. That is, if Willie listening…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Pak Hou Che , Mayank Bakshi , Sidharth Jaggi

This work considers the two-way wiretap channel in which two legitimate users, Alice and Bob, wish to exchange messages securely in the presence of a passive eavesdropper Eve. In the full-duplex scenario, where each node can transmit and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Aly El Gamal , O. Ozan Koyluoglu , Moustafa Youssef , Hesham El Gamal

Covert communication conceals the transmission of the message from an attentive adversary. Recent work on the limits of covert communication in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels has demonstrated that a covert transmitter (Alice)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Ramin Soltani , Dennis Goeckel , Don Towsley , Boulat Bash , Saikat Guha

In order to avoid the risk of information leakage during the information mutual transmission between two authorized participants, i.e., Alice and Bob, a quantum dialogue protocol based on the entanglement swapping between any two Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Tian-Yu Ye , Li-Zhen Jiang

We consider a setup in which the channel from Alice to Bob is less noisy than the channel from Eve to Bob. We show that there exist encoding and decoding which accomplish error correction and authentication simultaneously; that is, Bob is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Dimiter Ostrev

We obtain estimates for Eve's forgery probability, namely the probability that she is able to forge a message which Alice or Bob mistakenly accept over a noisy Quantum channel for generating a shared Quantum secret key. This probability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Pete Rigas

In quantum key distribution, one conservatively assumes that the eavesdropper Eve is restricted only by physical laws, whereas the legitimate parties, namely the sender Alice and receiver Bob, are subject to realistic constraints, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Vishal Sharma , U. Shrikant , R. Srikanth , Subhashish Banerjee

Covert communication can prevent the adversary from knowing that a wireless transmission has occurred. In the additive white Gaussian noise channels, a square root law is obtained and the result shows that Alice can reliably and covertly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Zhihong Liu , Jiajia Liu , Yong Zeng , Li Yang , Jianfeng Ma

In quantum weak oblivious transfer, Alice sends Bob two bits and Bob can learn one of the bits at his choice. It was found that the security of such a protocol is bounded by $2P_{Alice}^{\ast }+P_{Bob}^{\ast }\geq 2$, where $P_{Alice}^{\ast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Guang Ping He

Device-independent quantum key distribution is the task of using uncharacterized quantum devices to establish a shared key between two users. If a protocol is secure regardless of the device behaviour, it can be used to generate a shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-01 Jonathan Barrett , Roger Colbeck , Adrian Kent