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The Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena) has been selected by ESA as its second large-class mission. The future European X-ray observatory will study the hot and energetic Universe with its launch foreseen in 2028.…

In the early 2030s, ESAs new X-ray observatory, Athena, is scheduled to be launched. It will carry two main instruments, one of which is the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), an X-ray imaging spectrometer, which will consist of an array of…

We are developing X-ray microcalorimeters as a backup option for the baseline detectors in the X-IFU instrument on board the ATHENA space mission led by ESA and to be launched in the early 2030s.5$\times$5 mixed arrays with TiAu…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-19 E. Taralli , L. Gottardi , K. Nagayoshi , M. Ridder , S. Visser , P. Khosropanah , H. Akamatsu , J. van der Kuur , M. Bruijn , J. R. Gao

We are developing the frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) read-out of transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) instrument on board of the future European X-Ray observatory Athena. The X-IFU…

Athena is a space-based X-ray observatory intended for exploration of the hot and energetic universe. One of the science instruments on Athena will be the X-ray Integrated Field Unit (X-IFU), which is a cryogenic X-ray spectrometer, based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-17 J. van der Kuur , L. G. Gottardi , H. Akamatsu , B. J. van Leeuwen , R. den Hartog , D. Haas , M. Kiviranta , B. J. Jackson

Large format arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) are crucial for the next generation of X-ray space observatories. Such arrays are required to achieve an energy resolution of $\mathrm{\Delta}E<$3 eV full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) in the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-22 E. Taralli , M. D'Andrea , L. Gottardi , K. Nagayoshi , M. Ridder , S. Visser , M. de Wit , D. Vaccaro , H. Akamatsu , K. Ravensberg , R. Hoogeveen , M. Bruijn , J. R. Gao

The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-14 Luciano Gottardi , Kenichiro Nagayoshi

The X-IFU (X-ray Integral Field Unit) onboard the large ESA mission Athena (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics), planned to be launched in the mid 2030s, will be a cryogenic X-ray imaging spectrometer operating at 55 mK. It…

Large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters are becoming the key technology for future space-based X-ray observatories and ground-based experiments in the fields of astrophysics, laboratory astrophysics,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 Luciano Gottardi , Stephen Smith

The X-IFU is the cryogenic spectrometer onboard the future ATHENA X-ray observatory. It is based on a large array of TES microcalorimeters, which works in combination with a Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC). This is necessary to…

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of the ESA Athena X-ray observatory. Over a field of view of 5' equivalent diameter, it will deliver X-ray spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with a spectral resolution…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 Didier Barret , Thien Lam Trong , Jan-Willem den Herder , Luigi Piro , Massimo Cappi , Juhani Huovelin , Richard Kelley , J. Miguel Mas-Hesse , Kazuhisa Mitsuda , Stéphane Paltani , Gregor Rauw , Agata Rozanska , Joern Wilms , Simon Bandler , Marco Barbera , Xavier Barcons , Enrico Bozzo , Maria Teresa Ceballos , Ivan Charles , Elisa Costantini , Anne Decourchelle , Roland den Hartog , Lionel Duband , Jean-Marc Duval , Fabrizio Fiore , Flavio Gatti , Andrea Goldwurm , Brian Jackson , Peter Jonker , Caroline Kilbourne , Claudio Macculi , Mariano Mendez , Silvano Molendi , Piotr Orleanski , François Pajot , Etienne Pointecouteau , Frederick Porter , Gabriel W. Pratt , Damien Prêle , Laurent Ravera , Kosuke Sato , Joop Schaye , Keisuke Shinozaki , Tanguy Thibert , Luca Valenziano , Veronique Valette , Jacco Vink , Natalie Webb , Michael Wise , Noriko Yamasaki , Françoise Delcelier-Douchin , Jean-Michel Mesnager , Bernard Pontet , Alice Pradines , Graziella Branduardi-Raymont , Esra Bulbul , Mauro Dadina , Stefano Ettori , Alexis Finoguenov , Yasushi Fukazawa , Agnieszka Janiuk , Jelle Kaastra , Pasquale Mazzotta , Jon Miller , Giovanni Miniutti , Yaël Nazé , Fabrizio Nicastro , Salvatore Sciortino , Aurora Simionescu , Jose Miguel Torrejon , Benoît Frezouls , Hervé Geoffray , Philippe Peille , Corinne Aicardi , Jérôme André , Antoine Clénet , Christophe Daniel , Christophe Etcheverry , Emilie Gloaguen , Gilles Hervet , Antoine Jolly , Aurélien Ledot , Irwin Maussang , Alexis Paillet , Roseline Schmisser , Bruno Vella , Jean-Charles Damery , Kevin Boyce , Michael DiPirro , Simone Lotti , Denis Schwander , Stephen Smith , Bert-Joost van Leeuwen , Henk van Weers , Nicolas Clerc , Beatriz Cobo , Thomas Dauser , Jelle de Plaa , Christian Kirsch , Edoardo Cucchetti , Megan Eckart , Philippe Ferrando , Lorenzo Natalucci

We are developing the Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC) of the ATHENA X-IFU spectrometer. It is a TES-based particle detector aimed to reduce the background of the instrument. Here, we present the result obtained with the last…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-22 M. D'Andrea , C. Macculi , S. Lotti , L. Piro , A. Argan , G. Minervini , G. Torrioli , F. Chiarello , L. Ferrari Barusso , E. Celasco , G. Gallucci , F. Gatti , D. Grosso , M. Rigano , D. Brienza , E. Cavazzuti , A. Volpe

We have fabricated multilayer readout wiring Transition Edge Sensors (TES), which enable us to realize both large effective area and high-energy resolution for future X-ray astrophysical missions, such as DIOS. By sandwiching a SiO2…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-02-04 Shin'ya Yamada , Y. Ezoe , Y. Ishisaki , T. Ohashi , N. Iijima , K. Mitsuda , K. Nagayoshi , H. Akamatsu , T. Morooka , K. Tanaka

Uniform large transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays are fundamental for the next generation of X-ray space observatories. These arrays are required to achieve an energy resolution $\Delta E$ < 3 eV full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) in the soft…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-19 E. Taralli , M. D'Andrea , L. Gottardi , K. Nagayoshi , M. L. Ridder , M. de Wit , D. Vaccaro , H. Akamatsu , M. P. Bruijn , J. R. Gao

In the framework of the ESA Athena mission, the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) instrument to be on board the X-ray Athena Observatory is a cryogenic micro-calorimeter array of Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors aimed at providing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-01 Beatriz Cobo , Nicolás Cardiel , María Teresa Ceballos , Philippe Peille

We present the electro-thermal characterization of transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors suspended on Si membranes fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The use of an all-silicon fabrication platform, in contrast to the more…

The X-IFU is one of the two instruments of ATHENA, the next ESA large X-ray observatory. It is a cryogenic spectrometer based on an array of TES microcalorimeters. To reduce the particle background, the TES array works in combination with a…

ATHENA is a large X-ray observatory, planned to be launched by ESA in 2028 towards an L2 orbit. One of the two instruments of the payload is the X-IFU: a cryogenic spectrometer based on a large array of TES microcalorimeters, able to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-22 Matteo D'Andrea , Simone Lotti , Claudio Macculi , Luigi Piro , Andrea Argan , Flavio Gatti

We have measured and characterized the thermal crosstalk in two different arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) X-ray micro-calorimeters with frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout. The TES arrays are fabricated at SRON and are a…

At SRON we have been developing X-ray TES micro-calorimeters as backup technology for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) of the Athena mission, demonstrating excellent resolving powers both under DC and AC bias. We also developed a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-04 D. Vaccaro , H. Akamatsu , L. Gottardi , M. de Wit , M. P. Bruijn , J. van der Kuur , K. Nagayoshi , E. Taralli , K. Ravensberg , J. R. Gao , J. W. A. den Herder
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